THE INFLUENCE OF THE THEOLOGY OF JOHN CHRYSOSTOM ON THE WRITINGS OF JOHN HENRY NEWMAN by ANDREW RAYMOND WADSWORTH submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL STUDIES (NEW TESTAMENT) at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF. CHRIS L. DE WET February 2021 DECLARATION Name: Andrew Raymond Wadsworth_______________________________________ Student number: 64090213________________________________________________________ Degree: PhD Religious Studies (New Testament)________________________________ Exact wording of the title of the thesis as appearing on the electronic copy submitted for examination: The Influence of the Theology of John Chrysostom on the Writings of John Henry Newman I declare that the above thesis is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. I further declare that I submitted the thesis to originality checking software and that it falls within the accepted requirements for originality. I further declare that I have not previously submitted this work, or part of it, for examination at Unisa for another qualification or at any other higher education institution. ________________________ _____________________20 February 2021 SIGNATURE DATE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENGLISH SUMMARY AND KEYWORDS ................................................................................................ 5 AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING EN TREFWOORDE .................................................................................. 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 9 ABBREVIATIONS FOR PRIMARY SOURCES ...................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Introductory Remarks ................................................................................................................................ 18 1.2 Problem Statement, Aims and Hypothesis ................................................................................................. 25 1.3 Contribution of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 26 1.4 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 28 1.5 Availability and Citing of the Sources ........................................................................................................ 28 1.6 Literature Review ....................................................................................................................................... 29 1.7 Structure of Thesis ..................................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 60 NEWMAN’S PREPARATION FOR READING THE FATHERS ............................................................ 60 2.1 Early Life .................................................................................................................................................... 60 2.2 Education at School ................................................................................................................................... 62 2.3 University Education .................................................................................................................................. 64 2.4 Holy Orders ................................................................................................................................................ 72 2.5 A State of Flux ............................................................................................................................................ 76 2.6 Becoming a Catholic .................................................................................................................................. 81 2.7 Newman as an Educator ............................................................................................................................ 83 2.8 The Influence of the Fathers on Newman .................................................................................................. 88 2.9 Newman Opposes Rationalism .................................................................................................................. 94 CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 101 JOHN CHRYSOSTOM AS PASTOR AND PREACHER ....................................................................... 101 3.1 Constructing a Biography of Chrysostom ................................................................................................ 101 3.2 Chrysostom’s Early Life ............................................................................................................................ 102 3.3 Priest and Preacher in Antioch ................................................................................................................. 107 3.4 Bishop in Constantinople ......................................................................................................................... 111 3.5 Transition into Exile and Death ................................................................................................................ 117 3.6 His Writings ............................................................................................................................................. 119 3.7 Early and Enduring Fame and Influence .................................................................................................. 124 3 3.8 Characteristics of Chrysostom’s Writing .................................................................................................. 132 3.9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................ 136 CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 140 NEWMAN’S READING OF CHRYSOSTOM ........................................................................................ 140 4.1 How Chrysostom Came to be Read in England ........................................................................................ 140 4.2 How Newman Came to Read Chrysostom ............................................................................................... 143 4.3 How was Newman Guided in his Reading of Chrysostom? ...................................................................... 145 4.4 Newman Writes about Chrysostom ......................................................................................................... 147 CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 161 COMMON PRINCIPLES OF THE PATRISTIC ERA SHARED BY NEWMAN AND CHRYSOSTOM .................................................................................................................................................................. 161 5.1 Setting Up the Comparison ...................................................................................................................... 161 5.2 The Dogmatic Principle ............................................................................................................................ 162 5.3 The Sacramental Principle ....................................................................................................................... 174 5.4. The Principle of Divine Providence .......................................................................................................... 194 5.5 The Principle of Development .................................................................................................................. 207 5.6 The Comparison Continues ...................................................................................................................... 220 CHAPTER 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 221 LETTERS OF DIRECTION FROM NEWMAN AND CHRYSOSTOM ................................................ 221 6.1 Working with Presumptions .................................................................................................................... 221 6.2 Chrysostom and Olympias ....................................................................................................................... 228 6.3 Newman and Maria Giberne ................................................................................................................... 233 6.4 Common Themes of Spiritual Direction ................................................................................................... 245