Report on Maritime and Inland Waterways User Needs and Requirements Outcome of the European GNSS’ User Consultation Platform Reference: GSA-MKD-MAR-UREQ-229399 Issue/Revision: 2.0 Date: 01/07/2019 Change record Issue/ Revision Changes Date 1.0 First issue 18/10/2018 2.0 Refer to Annex 6 01/07/2019 REPORT ON MARITIME AND INLAND WATERWAYS USER NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction and context of the report 7 1.1 Methodology 7 1.2 Scope 9 2 Executive Summary 10 3 Reference documents 14 4 GNSS Market Overview and Trends for Maritime and Inland Waterways 18 4.1 Market Evolution and Key Trends 18 4.2 Main Market Players 20 4.3 Main User Groups involved in the validation of user requirements 20 5 GNSS User Requirements Analysis 27 5.1 GNSS Use in Maritime and Inland Waterways 27 5.2 Prospective Use of GNSS in Maritime 30 5.3 Policy and Regulatory Framework 31 5.4 Critical Analysis 43 5.5 Conclusions 47 6 User Requirements Specification 49 6.1 Synthesis of the UR Analysis 49 6.2 Coverage needs for maritime users in Europe 58 7 annexes Appendix 1 Performance parameters 59 Appendix 2 List of Acronyms 61 Appendix 3 Policy and Regulatory Framework 63 Appendix 4 Validation with Main User Communities 71 Appendix 5 Analysis of relevant past projects 153 Appendix 6 Updates following the User Consultation Platform 2018 162 4 TABLES AND FIGURES TableS Table 1: Comparison of IMO, FRP and IHO main performance parameters 11 Table 2: Consolidated maritime users requirements 12 Table 3: Reference Documents 14 Table 4: Port Authorities interest in intermediate accuracy level 21 Table 5: E-GNSS performance requirements for autonomous vessels according to survey results 26 Table 6: IMO Resolution A.1046 (27) performance requirements 33 Table 7: Overview of accuracy requirements for RIS dynamic data 36 Table 8: FRP Maritime User Requirements - Inland Waterway Phase 37 Table 9: FRP Maritime User Requirements/Benefits - Harbour Entrance and Approach Phase 38 Table 10: FRP Maritime User Requirements/Benefits - Coastal Phase 39 Table 11: FRP Maritime User Requirements/Benefits - Ocean Phase 39 Table 12: IHO survey accuracy requirements 41 Table 13: ZOC (Zone Of Confidence) values for hydrographic charts 42 Table 14: Comparison between FRP and IMO user requirements for safety of navigation 44 Table 15: Comparison of IHO and IMO accuracy requirements 45 Table 16: Parameters for the user requirements synthesis 47 Table 17: Parameters for the user requirements synthesis 50 Table 18: Abbreviations 61 Table 19: IMO resolutions concerning shipborne receiver standards 63 Table 20: IEC standards and corresponding IMO resolutions 70 Table 21: List of port authorities that have completed the survey 73 Table 22: Survey representation per country 73 Table 23: Summary of port authorities interest in intermediate performance levels 75 Table 24: Complete list of port authorities invited to participate in the survey 83 Table 25: Audience of the consultation process 98 Table 26: Percentage of participation to the consultation process (Solas and Non-Solas) 98 Table 27: Main drivers for adoption of MC and MF in the receivers (Q4) 99 Table 28: Technology and non-technology challenges for adoption of MC and MF in the receivers. 100 Table 29: Interviewees 130 REPORT ON MARITIME AND INLAND WATERWAYS USER NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS 5 FIGURES Figure 1: Maritime and IWW User Requirements Analysis methodology 8 Figure 2: GNSS unit shipments by application. Source: GNSS Market Report issue 4 18 Figure 3: Potential intermediate performance level 21 Figure 4: Port applications potentially candidates for an intermediate accuracy level 22 Figure 5: Map of maritime traffic - 2014 58 Figure 6: Intermediate performances 71 Figure 7: Ports and States represented by the survey 74 Figure 8: Interest from Port Authorities 75 Figure 9: Consultation results for Q1) new developments in Navigation and Q2) new developments in Positioning 99 Figure 10: Awareness of the standardisation roadmap by manufacturers 100 Figure 11: System level integrity usage 101 Figure 12: System level integrity usage 101 Figure 13: Simultaneity of sources for PVT computation (Q16) 102 Figure 14: Navigation sources selection method (Q17) 102 Figure 15: HPL in constrained environment and HPL in unconstrained environment 159 Figure 16: Fault Tree Allocation for the maritime phase “harbour entrance and approach, and coastal waters”, over a period of 15 minutes, with proposed values 160 6 01 REPORT ON MARITIME AND INLAND WATERWAYS USER NEEDS AND REQUIREMENTS 7 Introduction and context 01 of the report n Maritime and Inland Waterways (IWW) domains, the updated, to reflect the evolution in the user needs, market Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is used for both and technology captured during the UCP. I navigation and positioning and it has become the primary means of navigation in many Maritime and IWW applications. The report aims to provide the GSA with a clear and up-to- Maritime and IWW is a truly international industry, and it date view of the current and potential future user needs and can only operate effectively if the regulations and standards requirements in order to serve as an input to the continuous are themselves agreed, adopted and implemented on an improvement of the services provided by the European international basis. It is already highly regulated, and reg- GNSS systems and their evolutions. ulations have been reinforced over the last decades. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is setting the Finally, as the report is publicly avail- GNSS has regulatory framework for the shipping industry, including able, it serves also as a reference for become performance requirements for GNSS. Some of the most users and industry, supporting plan- important parameters of operational requirements for GNSS ning and decision-making activities the primary are integrity, continuity, accuracy, availability and coverage. for those concerned with the use of These requirements are developed based on risk analysis, location technologies. means for considering risk exposure time and critical risk exposure time. However, the GNSS user requirements in Maritime It must be noted that the listed user navigation in are very complex and often even contradictive. Also, the needs and requirements cannot many Maritime maritime sector is dynamic with the ongoing development usually be addressed by a single of e-Navigation, maritime service portfolios and the debate technological solution but rather by and IWW how to provide resilient positioning, navigation and timing combination of several signals and (R-PNT). Some of the expected future requirements are sensors. Therefore the report does applications. indeed related with the e-Navigation initiative, which can not represent any commitment of drive the uptake of multi-constellation GNSS, and with the the European GNSS Programmes to address or satisfy the need to develop new performance standards for navigation listed user needs and requirements in the current or future receivers. versions of the EGNSS services. The User Consultation Platform (UCP) is a periodic forum organised by the European Commission and the GSA involv- 1.1 Methodology ing end users, user associations and representatives of the value chain, such as receiver and chipset manufacturers, The following figure details the methodology adopted for application developers and the organisations and institu- the analysis of the Maritime and IWW user requirements. tions dealing, directly and indirectly, with Galileo and EGNOS. The event is a part of the process developed at the GSA to The analysis is split into two main steps including a “desk collect user needs and requirements and take them as inputs research”, to gather main insights, and a “stakeholders con- for provision of user driven Galileo and EGNOS services. In sultation”, to validate main outcomes. this context, the objective of this document is to provide a reference for the European GNSS Programmes and for the More in details, “desk research” was based on a secondary Maritime and IWW community reporting periodically the research and aimed at providing a preliminary structured most up-to-date GNSS user needs and requirements in the analysis: Maritime and IWW market segment. This report is considered a “living document” in the sense that it will serve as a key y leveraging on the Maritime and IWW applications’ seg- input to the next UCP event where it will be reviewed and mentation as included in the GSA GNSS Market Report, subsequently updated. The UCP will be held periodically additional relevant applications have been identified (e.g. once per year) and this report will be also periodically and included; and 8 1/ INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT OF THE REPORT Figure 1: Maritime and IWW User Requirements Analysis methodology OVERALL METHODOLOGY 1 Identification of all existing Maritime and IWW User level dimension and characterisation applications along with the function that y Identification of the key GNSS user level they perform dimensions to describe Maritime user y All Maritime and IWW applications covered requirements in MR5 y Identification and definition of GNSS Desk y Maritime and IWW applications found in other performance criteria relevant to Maritime sources and IWW Research update Segmentation of Maritime and IWW applications 2019 y Definition and classification of applications SECONDARY RESEARCH y Focused on GNSS usage (non device-based) INFORMATION GNSS magazines- Coordinates, Definition of the functions and level of GPS World,