6/17/21 AIM 5−4−21. Missed Approach position at the time visual reference is lost. Adherence to the procedure will help assure that an a. When a landing cannot be accomplished, advise aircraft will remain laterally within the circling and ATC and, upon reaching the missed approach point missed approach obstruction clearance areas. Refer defined on the approach procedure chart, the pilot to paragraph h concerning vertical obstruction must comply with the missed approach instructions clearance when starting a missed approach at other for the procedure being used or with an alternate than the MAP. (See FIG 5−4−32.) missed approach procedure specified by ATC. d. At locations where ATC radar service is b. Obstacle protection for missed approach is provided, the pilot should conform to radar vectors predicated on the missed approach being initiated at when provided by ATC in lieu of the published the decision altitude/decision height (DA/DH) or at missed approach procedure. (See FIG 5−4−33.) the missed approach point and not lower than e. Some locations may have a preplanned alternate minimum descent altitude (MDA). A climb gradient missed approach procedure for use in the event the of at least 200 feet per nautical mile is required, primary NAVAID used for the missed approach (except for Copter approaches, where a climb of at procedure is unavailable. To avoid confusion, the least 400 feet per nautical mile is required), unless a alternate missed approach instructions are not higher climb gradient is published in the notes section published on the chart. However, the alternate missed of the approach procedure chart. When higher than approach holding pattern will be depicted on the standard climb gradients are specified, the end point instrument approach chart for pilot situational of the non−standard climb will be specified at either awareness and to assist ATC by not having to issue an altitude or a fix. Pilots must preplan to ensure that detailed holding instructions. The alternate missed the aircraft can meet the climb gradient (expressed in approach may be based on NAVAIDs not used in the feet per nautical mile) required by the procedure in approach procedure or the primary missed approach. the event of a missed approach, and be aware that When the alternate missed approach procedure is flying at a higher than anticipated ground speed implemented by NOTAM, it becomes a mandatory increases the climb rate requirement (feet per part of the procedure. The NOTAM will specify both minute). Tables for the conversion of climb gradients the textual instructions and any additional equipment (feet per nautical mile) to climb rate (feet per minute), requirements necessary to complete the procedure. based on ground speed, are included on page D1 of Air traffic may also issue instructions for the alternate the U.S. Terminal Procedures booklets. Reasonable missed approach when necessary, such as when the buffers are provided for normal maneuvers. Howev- primary missed approach NAVAID fails during the er, no consideration is given to an abnormally early approach. Pilots may reject an ATC clearance for an turn. Therefore, when an early missed approach is alternate missed approach that requires equipment executed, pilots should, unless otherwise cleared by not necessary for the published approach procedure ATC, fly the IAP as specified on the approach plate when the alternate missed approach is issued after to the missed approach point at or above the MDA or beginning the approach. However, when the alternate DH before executing a turning maneuver. missed approach is issued prior to beginning the approach the pilot must either accept the entire c. If visual reference is lost while circling to land − − procedure (including the alternate missed approach), from an instrument approach, the missed approach request a different approach procedure, or coordinate specified for that particular procedure must be with ATC for alternative action to be taken, i.e., followed (unless an alternate missed approach proceed to an alternate airport, etc. procedure is specified by ATC). To become established on the prescribed missed approach f. When approach has been missed, request course, the pilot should make an initial climbing turn clearance for specific action; i.e., to alternative toward the landing runway and continue the turn until airport, another approach, etc. established on the missed approach course. Inasmuch g. Pilots must ensure that they have climbed to a as the circling maneuver may be accomplished in safe altitude prior to proceeding off the published more than one direction, different patterns will be missed approach, especially in nonradar environ- required to become established on the prescribed ments. Abandoning the missed approach prior to missed approach course, depending on the aircraft reaching the published altitude may not provide Arrival Procedures 5−4−57 .