FINAL REPORT March 2001 i The Underlying Causes and Impacts of Fires in South-east Asia Final Report Prepared by Grahame Applegate1, Unna Chokkalingam1 and Suyanto2, 1Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 2 International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Map designs: Yayat Ruchiat, Rizki Pandu Permana, and Danan Prasetyo Hadi Corresponding author and contact address: Grahame Applegate Center for International Forest Research (CIFOR) PO Box 6596 JKPWB 10065 Jakarta Indonesia March 2001 i Table of Contents Page No. Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................ii Abbreviations and Terms..................................................................................................................................iii Summary...........................................................................................................................................................iv 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................1 2. METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Location..................................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Social Surveys ........................................................................................................................................3 2.3 Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) .................................................................3 2.3.1 Site-specific level .....................................................................................................................3 2.3.2 TM or satellite image level .......................................................................................................3 2.3.3 Island-wide analysis .................................................................................................................3 2.4 Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science Information......................................................................4 3. VEGETATION INDICES ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................5 3.1 Results 5 3.2 Recommendations...................................................................................................................................5 4. HOT SPOT ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................................................6 4.1 Result and Discussion.............................................................................................................................6 5. SITE ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................................7 5.1 Sekincau - Lampung Province................................................................................................................7 5.1.1 Fire in relation to land cover changes.......................................................................................7 5.1.2 Social survey and participatory mapping..................................................................................8 5.1.3 Underlying causes of fires........................................................................................................9 5.1.4 Policy issues .............................................................................................................................9 5.2 Menggala - Lampung Province ............................................................................................................10 5.3 Menggala Peneplains Subsite ...............................................................................................................11 5.3.1 Land cover changes................................................................................................................11 5.3.2 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................12 5.3.3 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................13 5.3.4 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................14 5.4 Menggala Swampland Subsite..............................................................................................................14 5.4.1 Land cover changes................................................................................................................14 5.4.2 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................15 5.4.3 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................15 5.4.4 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................15 5.5 Musi Banyu Asin - South Sumatra Province........................................................................................16 5.5.1 Location..................................................................................................................................16 5.5.2 Land cover changes................................................................................................................17 5.5.3 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................18 5.5.4 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................18 5.5.5 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................19 5.6 Tanah Tumbuh - Jambi Province..........................................................................................................19 5.6.1 Location..................................................................................................................................19 5.6.2 Land cover/land use changes..................................................................................................20 5.6.3 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................20 i 5.6.4 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................21 5.6.5 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................21 5.7 Sanggau - West Kalimantan .................................................................................................................22 5.7.1 Land cover changes................................................................................................................23 5.7.2 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................23 5.7.3 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................24 5.7.4 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................25 5.8 Tumbang Titi - West Kalimantan .........................................................................................................25 5.8.1 Land cover changes................................................................................................................26 5.8.2 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................26 5.8.3 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................27 5.8.4 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................27 5.9 Danau Sentarum - West Kalimantan ....................................................................................................28 5.9.1 Fire and land cover changes...................................................................................................28 5.9.2 Social survey and participatory mapping................................................................................29 5.9.3 Underlying causes of fires......................................................................................................30 5.9.4 Policy issues ...........................................................................................................................31 5.10 Long Segar - East Kalimantan Province ........................................................................................32 5.10.1 Land cover changes..............................................................................................................32 5.10.2 Social survey and participatory mapping.............................................................................33