Unlocking Rhythms from the American Folklife Center Archives Thank you for joining us! Melanie Zeck, American Folklife Center We will begin at the top of the hour. Housekeeping Q&A Box Survey at the end Video and slides will be shared with all participants tomorrow Unlocking Rhythms from the American Folklife Center Archives Melanie Zeck, American Folklife Center Unlocking Rhythms: Uncovering Musical Secrets Considerations SONGS* and SOUND PROFILES • Personal Experiences • Components • Historical and Cultural Meanings *songs = pieces of music that contain words Unlocking Rhythms: Uncovering Musical Secrets Unguided Listening “Michael Row the Boat Ashore” American Folk Music Revival Pete Seeger, 1955 Pete Seeger, 2000 New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Photograph Collection, Library of Congress Unlocking Rhythms: Uncovering Musical Secrets Two-part premise • MUSIC is a form of communication • MUSIC functions like other resources Unlocking Rhythms Musical Research QUANTITATIVE QUESTIONS* QUALITATIVE QUESTIONS* • Who? • Why? • What? • How? • When? • Where? *MUSIC can be used to answer these questions Sound Profile #1: Template, “Michael Row the Boat Ashore” As rendered in the National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 BIG QUESTION More Specific Questions Observations Possibility of Musician Identification Quantity of Musician(s) WHO Gender of Musician(s) Name of Musician(s) Audience Profile Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice • Whistling • Clapping WHAT • Humming • Stomping (Sound) • Singing • Patting Generic Syllables • Tapping Words • Playing an Instrument Song Movement Song Movement WHAT • Language • Conducting Word Comprehension • Cuing participants (Result) Meaning • Unique Characteristics Specific Day Specific Date WHEN As part of a season As part of a reason WHERE Sound Profile #1: Completed, “Michael Row the Boat Ashore” As rendered in the National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 BIG QUESTION More Specific Questions Observations Possibility of Musician Identification Yes—identifiable; musician is audible and visible Quantity of Musician(s) One musician WHO Gender of Musician(s) Female Name of Musician(s) Melanie Audience Profile Webinar participants Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice • Whistling • Clapping Whistling, no No Clapping WHAT • Humming • Stomping Humming, only first time No Stomping (Sound) • Singing • Patting Singing, yes No Patting Generic Syllables • Tapping Generic syllables, no No Tapping Words • Playing an Instrument Words, yes; No Instrument Song Movement Song Movement WHAT • Language • Conducting Language: English or English Creole; No movement Word Comprehension • Cuing participants Meaning is understandable (Result) Meaning • Unique Characteristics Specific Day Wednesday Specific Date October 21, 2020 WHEN As part of a season No As part of a reason Yes, for a National History Day Webinar WHERE Via computer Sound Profile #2: Template, “Happy Birthday” As rendered in the National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 BIG QUESTION More Specific Questions Observations Possibility of Musician Identification Quantity of Musician(s) WHO Gender of Musician(s) Name of Musician(s) Audience Profile Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice • Clapping • Whistling • Stomping WHAT • Humming • Patting • Singing (Sound) • Tapping Generic Syllables • Playing an Instrument Words Song Movement Song Movement • Language • Conducting WHAT Word Comprehension • Cuing participants LYRICS, Line 1 Line 1 Meaning LYRICS, Line 2 Line 2 (Result) • Unique Characteristics LYRICS, Line 3 Line 3 LYRICS, Line 4 Line 4 Specific Day Specific Date WHEN As part of a season As part of a reason WHERE WHY Sound Profile #2: Completed, “Happy Birthday” As rendered in the National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 BIG QUESTION More Specific Questions Observations Possibility of Musician Identification Yes, identifiable Quantity of Musician(s) 1 musician Gender of Musician(s) Female WHO Name of Musician(s) Melanie Audience Profile Webinar participants WHAT Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice • Whistling • Clapping (Sound) • Humming • Stomping No whistling, no humming. Line 1—no, just singing • Singing • Patting Yes, singing. Line 2—clapping rhythm Generic Syllables • Tapping Words, yes; Language: English or English Creole; Words • Playing an Instrument Meaning is understandable Song Movement Song • Language • Conducting Movement WHAT Word Comprehension • Cuing participants LYRICS, Line 1—Happy Birthday to you Meaning LYRICS, Line 2—Happy Birthday to you Line 3—Conducting (Result) • Unique Characteristics LYRICS, Line 3—Happy Birthday, National History Day Line 4—Cuing participants LYRICS, Line 4—Happy Birthday to you. Specific Day Wednesday Specific Date October 21, 2020 WHEN As part of a season No As part of a reason Yes, for a National History Day Webinar WHERE Via computer WHY To celebrate a birthday Sound Profile #3: Template, “Happy Birthday” As rendered at a Chicago Pentecostal Church Service, 1977 BIG QUESTION More Specific Questions Observations Possibility of Musician Identification Quantity of Musician(s) WHO Gender of Musician(s) Name of Musician(s) Audience Profile Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice Sound—Beyond the Voice Sound—Voice • Clapping • Whistling • Stomping WHAT • Humming • Patting • Singing (Sound) • Tapping Generic Syllables • Playing an Instrument Words Song Movement Song Movement • Language • Conducting Word Comprehension • Cuing participants LYRICS, Line 1 Line 1 WHAT Meaning LYRICS, Line 2 Line 2 (Result) • Unique Characteristics LYRICS, Line 3 Line 3 LYRICS, Line 4 Line 4 Specific Day ?? Sunday?? Specific Date 1977 WHEN No As part of a season Yes, in the context of a worship service As part of a reason WHERE Chicago, Illinois, at a Pentecostal church Sound Profile #4: Comparison, “Happy Birthday” Rendering 1, National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 // Rendering 2, Chicago Pentecostal Church Service, 1977 NHD: 10.21.2020 Pentecostal Church Service: 1977 Yes, identifiable Yes, identifiable by sound 1 musician More than 1 musician, total number unknown (2 main singers, possible audience) Female 1 female, 1 male, possibly members of a congregation Melanie Unknown from recording Webinar participants Members of congregation No whistling, no humming. No whistling, no humming. Yes, singing. Yes, singing. Words, yes; Language: English; Meaning is understandable Words, yes; Language: English; Meaning is understandable LYRICS, Line 1—Happy Birthday to you LYRICS, Line 1—Happy Birthday to you LYRICS, Line 2—Happy Birthday to you LYRICS, Line 2—Happy Birthday to you LYRICS, Line 3—Happy Birthday, Dear National History Day LYRICS, Line 3—Happy Birthday, God Bless You LYRICS, Line 4—Happy Birthday to you. LYRICS, Line 4—Happy Birthday to you. No clapping No stomping Line 1—just singing No patting Line 2—clapping rhythm No tapping Line 3—Conducting Yes, guitar Line 4—Cuing participants Unknown, conducting Unknown, cuing Wednesday unknown October 21, 2020 1977 No No Yes, for a National History Day Webinar Yes, in the context of a worship service Via computer Chicago, Illinois, at a Pentecostal church Field Notes Church service at Northside United Pentecostal Church, Chicago, Illinois, part 1 Leader, Pastor, SINGER Notes - Northside Pentacostal (In Church), part 1 Bobby Goddard - Part 1 of a 4-part recording of the Sunday service at Northside Pentecostal Church, 1527 E. Edgewater Ave. in the Edgewater neighborhood; the leader and pastor was Bobby Goddard; recorded on a stereo Nagra IV with a Sennheiser 402 microphone at the pulpit and, for most of the recording, a second Sennheiser 402 directed toward the congregation, with some variation as noted; this part includes Goddard’s greetings, and a prayer with voiced heard from the congregation; song "We're together again," led by Paul Dean and Joann Bolen, both with vocal and guitar; hymn "I'll be Somewhere Listening to My Name" (number 25 in the hymnal Pentecostal Praises) led at the pulpit by a woman with Goddard standing behind her and singing as well; hymn “The Fullness of Godhead is all in Him” (number 29); Goddard makes a birthday call and a boy and girl come forward and drop one penny for each year into a glass, as BG rings a little bell, congregation then sings "Happy Birthday to You"; Goddard states a welcome and transitions to Sunday School; Paul Dean remarks on the making of this recording (right channel only, the fieldworker then moves one microphone); Dean begins the adult Sunday School lesson, preceded by a hymn duet by Dean and Bolen (right channel), both playing guitars, "What a Glorious Day that Will Be"; Dean’s Sunday School lesson, about the Pentecostal doctrine concerning speaking in tongues, baptism, and the doctrine of the Trinity (right channel only); Dean’s lesson continues in part 2. 2 celebrants: 2nd SINGER one boy, one girl, unidentified unidentified woman guitar Congregation sings Sound Profile #4: Comparison, “Happy Birthday” Rendering 1, National History Day Webinar, October 21, 2020 // Rendering 2, Chicago Pentecostal Church Service, 1977 NHD: 10.21.2020 Pentecostal Church Service: 1977 Yes, identifiable Yes, identifiable by sound 1 musician More than 1 musician, total number unknown (2 main singers, possible audience) Female 1 female, 1 male, possibly members of a congregation Melanie Unknown from recording Webinar participants Members of