Publisher: Mineo Nakajima The Editorial Board Editor-in -Chief: Mineo Nakajima Managing Editor: Michio Katsumata Associate Editor: C. Kenneth Quinones Editorial Assistants: Yuka Okura, Fumi Ogasawara COPYRIGHT Ⓒ 2009 Akita International University Press ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means--graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems--without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by WEB: http://www.aiu.ac.jp FAX: +81-18-886-5912 PHONE: +81-18-886-5907 Publishing Office Akita International University Press Yuwa, Akita City, Japan 010-1292 Printed in Japan ISSN 1883-8243 ii ii CONTENTS Preface: Message from Mineo Nakajima, President, AIU EditorÕs Note: Michio Katsumata, Management Editor < B as i d u c at i > 1. Antinomies of Education and Their Resolution in Liberal Arts Marcin Schroeder, Dean of Academic Affairs 13 Publisher: Mineo Nakajima <GLOBAL ISSUES> 2. Analyzing a Strategy for Development Finance Cooperation in Northeast The Editorial Board AsiaÓ Editor-in -Chief: Mineo Nakajima Takashi Yamamoto, Associate Professor at Global Business 17 1 Managing Editor: Michio Katsumata Associate Editor: C. Kenneth Quinones 3. JapanÕs Constitutional Pacifism between Collective Security and Collective Self- Defense Editorial Assistants: Yuka Okura, Fumi Ogasawara Tetsuya Toyoda, Lecturer at Global Studies 1519 COPYRIGHT Ⓒ 2009 Akita International University Press 4. The Economic Effect of Taiwanese Tourists on Akita 30 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or Yeh Tsung-Ming, Assistant Professor at Global Business 26 used in any form or by any means--graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems--without the written permission of the 5. Methods of Community Psychology in Fostering Adaptation of International Students at Japanese Universities publisher. Yuko Abe, Associate Professor, Japanese Language Education 3640 6. Conceptual Changes in American Individualism Ð An Essay For permission to use material from this text, contact us by Yukie Suehiro, Lecturer at Global Studies 4145 WEB: http://www.aiu.ac.jp 7. World Englishes and Globalization Ð An Overview of Models and FAX: +81-18-886-5912 Paradigms PHONE: +81-18-886-5907 Kola Olagboyega, Associate Professor at English Education 4549 Publishing Office Akita International University Press Yuwa, Akita City, Japan 010-1292 (continued on next page) Printed in Japan ISSN 1883-8243 iii iii ii PREFACE Akita International University (AIU) was established in the spring of 2004 and will celebrate its fifth year anniversary in April 2009. To commemorate this event, we are <JAPAN STUDIES> pleased to publish the first issue of its academic journal the AIU Global Review. AIU has designed and established as the first Òpublic university corporationÓ of 8. Reform of English Education in Japan and Teacher Training higher education in Japan. Its curriculum and management is unique compared to other 65 Takanori Ueda, Assistant Professor at TeacherÕs license Program 59 Japanese universities. These features include: all classes are conducted in English, all freshmen live in dormitories in campus, all students have to study abroad for one year at one 9. On Japanese Language Education at AIU of more than ninety partner universities outside Japan, and our library is open 24 hours a day Takako Ayusawa and Akiko Sugiyama, Professors at Japanese 7266 all year round. No other Japanese university shares this combination of features. Language Education AIU aspires to be competitive with the worldÕs top ranking universities. Our goal 10. The Teacher Adoption, Screening Examination and In-Service Teacher is to provide students a rich liberal arts education. We aim to develop students who combine Training in Akita Prefecture fluency in English and other languages with a strong knowledge of global issues so that they Hiroshi Sugawara, Professor and Tomomi Saeki, Assistant Professor 7771 will be able to contribute concretely to the advancement of international society and the local at TeacherÕs License Program community. AIU recently initiated the second phase of its development by establishing a graduate school that offers Masters Degrees in selected professional fields. 11. Saibata Ningyo, or Puppet Drama Troupe in Shikoku After just five years AIU has earned the reputation as being among JapanÕs best Darren Ashmore, Assistant Professor at Basic Education 8478 universities. This has been possible because of our highly motivated faculty and staff and the admission of excellent students from most of JapanÕs prefectures as well as numerous foreign nations. Encouraged by AIUÕs exceptionally high competition rateÑabout ten applicants per each admissionÑfor admission to our undergraduate program, we have expanded annual enrollment from the initial 100 to 150 per year begging in 2008. <BOOK REVIEWS> AIU is proud of its faculty which was recruited internationally for their superior 12. Judith Herman, ÒTrauma and RecoveryÓ academic accomplishment and competence as educators, researchers and active contributors Tomomi Saeki 9587 to the local community and Japan. Before AIU enrolled its first students recruitment of faculty attracted 600 applications for about 30 faculty positions. Almost half of our fulltime 13. Itsuki Kurashina, ÒThe Eisenhower Administration and West GermanyÓ faculty are non-Japanese, another unique feature compared to other Japanese universities. Tetsuya Toyoda 9990 AIUÕs faculty now consists of 58 fulltime faculty, 8 select professors, 22 visiting professors and many adjunct lecturers. The size of our faculty is unusually large for about 600 Japanese students and 140 international students. AIU faculty and staff receive a three year renewable contract based upon performance. This too is unique in Japanese higher education since faculty and staff usually 14. An International Colloquium in Akita enjoy life time employment. Most of AIUÕs faculty have published academic books, Presentations and Arguments that Enhanced Contemporary Evaluation research papers, magazine articles and presentations at academic conferences and presented of ANDRƒ MALRAUX public lectures. Mineo Nakajima, President of Akita International University 101 93 Our hope is that the AIU Global Review will become widely read in the academic community, both in and outside of Japan so those beyond AIU can witness the quality and international competitiveness of AIUÕs faculty. We look optimistically to AIUÕs continuing success and the development of the AIU Global Review as a respected academic journal. March 2009 Mineo Nakajima, Ph.D. President Akita International University iv i v PREFACE Akita International University (AIU) was established in the spring of 2004 and will celebrate its fifth year anniversary in April 2009. To commemorate this event, we are pleased to publish the first issue of its academic journal the AIU Global Review. AIU has designed and established as the first Òpublic university corporationÓ of higher education in Japan. Its curriculum and management is unique compared to other Japanese universities. These features include: all classes are conducted in English, all freshmen live in dormitories in campus, all students have to study abroad for one year at one of more than ninety partner universities outside Japan, and our library is open 24 hours a day all year round. No other Japanese university shares this combination of features. AIU aspires to be competitive with the worldÕs top ranking universities. Our goal is to provide students a rich liberal arts education. We aim to develop students who combine fluency in English and other languages with a strong knowledge of global issues so that they will be able to contribute concretely to the advancement of international society and the local community. AIU recently initiated the second phase of its development by establishing a graduate school that offers Masters Degrees in selected professional fields. After just five years AIU has earned the reputation as being among JapanÕs best universities. This has been possible because of our highly motivated faculty and staff and the admission of excellent students from most of JapanÕs prefectures as well as numerous foreign nations. Encouraged by AIUÕs exceptionally high competition rateÑabout ten applicants per each admissionÑfor admission to our undergraduate program, we have expanded annual enrollment from the initial 100 to 150 per year begging in 2008. AIU is proud of its faculty which was recruited internationally for their superior academic accomplishment and competence as educators, researchers and active contributors to the local community and Japan. Before AIU enrolled its first students recruitment of faculty attracted 600 applications for about 30 faculty positions. Almost half of our fulltime faculty are non-Japanese, another unique feature compared to other Japanese universities. AIUÕs faculty now consists of 58 fulltime faculty, 8 select professors, 22 visiting professors and many adjunct lecturers. The size of our faculty is unusually large for about 600 Japanese students and 140 international students. AIU faculty and staff receive a three year renewable contract based upon performance. This too is unique in Japanese higher