Republic of Yemen Ministry of Planning & international Cooperation Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen 2014 Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen 2014 Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen: 2014 iii Republic of Yemen (Ministry of Planning Contents and International Cooperation) & UNICEF, Foreword .....................................................................................................................12 Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen 2014 Acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................................13 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................15 © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2014. Executive summary ....................................................................................................16 Prepared by the UNICEF Country Office, Sana’a, Yemen. PART A ........................................................................................................................23 Cover photo credit ©UNICEF/Yemen/2007/Pirozzi NATIONAL FRAMEWORK ..........................................................................................23 2 The national environment .....................................................................................23 Permission to reproduce any part of this publication is required. Please contact the Publications Section, Division of Communication, UNICEF New York 2.1 Demographic overview ...................................................................................57 (3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA; Tel: 1-212-326-7513; Fax: 1-212-303-7985; 2.2National political overview .............................................................................60 Email: [email protected]). Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations. 2.3 Governance and political reform overview ..................................................64 Disclaimers: 2.3.1 Higher Council for Motherhood and Childhood ....................................66 This joint report reflects the activities of individual agencies around an issue of common concern. 2.3.2 Ministry of Human Rights ........................................................................66 The principles and policies of each agency are governed by the relevant decisions of its governing body. Each agency implements the interventions described in this document in accordance with 2.3.3 Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation.............................67 these principles and policies and within the scope of its mandate. 2.4 National Dialogue and political transition ....................................................67 The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply on the part of UNICEF the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any 3 The national human development situation .......................................................69 country or territory, or of its authorities or the delimitations of its frontiers. 3.1 Economic conditions .......................................................................................69 3.2 Poverty and deprivation .................................................................................73 3.2.1 Measures of poverty and inequality .......................................................73 3.2.2 Multidimensional poverty and deprivation ...........................................75 Unless otherwise apparent, all references to currency in this document are to United States dollars ($) or Yemeni rial (YR). As of May 2014, the exchange rate was approximately YR215 = $1.00. 3.3 Human development and the Millennium Development Goals .................76 3.3.1 Human development indicators ..............................................................76 A note on English usage of Arabic terms and words: Different reports use different English spelling or translations of Arabic-based words. In this report, the spelling of governorates is according to 3.3.2 Millennium Development Goals .............................................................79 Central Statistical Organisation documents, the wording/spelling of armed groups is according to the 3.4 Women and development ..............................................................................81 United Nations Secretary-General’s reports on children and armed conflict, and the titles of legislation are according to the Government’s fourth periodic report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child. 3.5 National development planning ....................................................................84 3.6 Humanitarian planning ...................................................................................86 3.7 Concluding observations ................................................................................88 4 The national human rights framework ................................................................93 4.1 The United Nations treaty-based reporting system ....................................94 4.2 The United Nations Charter-based system...................................................98 4.3 The status of children’s rights ........................................................................99 4.3.1 Child and adolescent participation .........................................................100 4.3.2 Children’s rights monitoring ....................................................................101 iv Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen: 2014 Situation Analysis of Children in Yemen: 2014 v 4.4 The rights of women and girls .......................................................................102 6.4.3 Broader national response relevant to children ....................................154 4.5 The status of marginalized minority populations ........................................104 6.5 Adolescent health needs ................................................................................155 4.5.1 Internally displaced persons, refugees and migrants ...........................105 6.5.1 Mental health and psychosocial needs ..................................................156 4.5.2 The Mohamasheen ...................................................................................107 6.5.2 Sexual and reproductive health ..............................................................156 4.6 Post-transitional opportunities and priorities ..............................................109 6.5.3 Recreation and leisure .............................................................................158 4.6.1 Effective partnerships around national priorities ..................................109 7 Nutrition ..................................................................................................................161 4.6.2 Advancing social inclusion ......................................................................110 7.1 Nutrition summary .........................................................................................161 4.6.3 Building the communication environment ............................................110 7.2 Undernutrition .................................................................................................165 4.6.4 Strengthening monitoring and reporting mechanisms ........................111 7.3 Infant and young child feeding and care practices ......................................168 4.6.5 Embracing the post-2015 framework .....................................................111 7.4 Household nutrition and food security .........................................................171 4.6.6 Humanitarian and emergency responses ..............................................112 7.5 Strategic approaches to child nutrition standards ......................................172 4.7 Concluding observations .................................................................................113 8 Education ................................................................................................................177 PART B .........................................................................................................................117 8.1 Education summary ........................................................................................177 SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN YEMEN ......................................................................117 8.2 Towards universal basic education ...............................................................189 5 Child poverty and social protection ......................................................................117 8.3 Equity in access ...............................................................................................194 5.1 Child poverty and social protection summary ............................................117 8.4 Educational quality and outcomes ................................................................203 5.2 Children, poverty and deprivation in Yemen ................................................119 8.5 Reforms in strategic education planning ......................................................205 5.3 Social protection as a child-relevant, rights-based response to poverty and 9 Water, sanitation and hygiene ..............................................................................211 inequity ...................................................................................................................125 9.1 Water, sanitation and hygiene