wq-rule4-12n Exhibit 72 is not publicly posted on the MPCA web page due to copyright protection laws. However, the following link is provided for interested parties to access the document in accordance with the respective copyright restrictions. The document may also be available through your local library. Angermeier P. L. & J. R. Karr. (1986) Applying an index of biotic integrity based on stream-fish communities: considerations in sampling and interpretation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 6: 418-429. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659%281986%296%3C418%3AAAIOBI% 3E2.0.CO%3B2?journalCode=ujfm20 Exhibit 73 is not publicly posted on the MPCA web page due to copyright protection laws. However, the following link is provided for interested parties to access the document in accordance with the respective copyright restrictions. The document may also be available through your local library. Karr J. R. & C. O. Yoder. (2004) Biological assessment and criteria improve total maximum daily load decision making. Journal of Environmental Engineering 130: 594-604. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130%3A6(594) Exhibit 74 is not publicly posted on the MPCA web page due to copyright protection laws. However, the following link is provided for interested parties to access the document in accordance with the respective copyright restrictions. The document may also be available through your local library. Lammert M. & J. Allan. (1999) Assessing biotic integrity of streams: effects of scale in measuring the influence of land use/cover and habitat structure on fish and macroinvertebrates. Environmental Management 23: 257-270. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002679900184 Exhibit 75 is not publicly posted on the MPCA web page due to copyright protection laws. However, the following bibliographic citation is provided so that interested parties may acquire a copy of the document in accordance with the respective copyright restrictions. The document may also be available through your local library. Bryce S. A. & R. M. Hughes (2002) Variable assemblage responses to multiple disturbance gradients: Oregon and Appalachia, USA, case studies. In: Biological response signatures: Multimetric index patterns for assessment of freshwater assemblages (ed T. P. Simon) pp. 539- 560. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Executive Summa y he Clean Water Act (Act) directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop programs that will evaluate, restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological in- Ttegrity of the Nation's waters. In response to this directive, States and EPA implemented chemically based water quality programs that successfully addressed significant water pollution problems. However, these programs alone cannot identify or address all surface water pollution problems. To create a more comprehensive program, EPA is setting a new priority for the develop- ment of biological water quality criteria. The initial phase of this program directs State adoption of narrative biological criteria as part of State water quality standards. This effort will help States and EPA achieve the objectives of the Clean Water Act set forth in Section 101 and comp .y with statutory requirements under Sections 303 and 304. The Water Quality Standards Regulation provides additional authority for biological criteria development. In accordance with priorities established in the FY 1991 Agency Operating Guidance, States are to adopt narrative biological criteria into State water quality standards during the FY 1991-1993 trien- nium. To support this priority, EPA is developing a Policy on the Use of Biological Assessments and Criteria in the Water Quality Program and is providing this program guidance document on biological criteria. This document provides guidance for development and implementation of narrative biological criteria. Future guidance documents will provide additional technical information to facilitate development and implementation of narrative and numeric criteria for each of the surface water types. When implemented, biological criteria will expand and improve water quality standards programs, help identify impairment of beneficial uses, and help set program priorities. Biological criteria are valuable because they directly measure the condition of the resource at risk, detect problems that other methods may miss or underestimate, and provide a systematic process for measuring progress resulting from the implementation of water quality programs. Exhibit 77 is not publicly posted on the MPCA web page due to copyright protection laws. However, the following bibliographic citation is provided so that interested parties may acquire a copy of the document in accordance with the respective copyright restrictions. The document may also be available through your local library. Karr J. R. (2000) Health, integrity, and biological assessment: The importance of whole things. In: Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation, and Health (eds D. Pimentel, L. Westra & R. F. Noss) pp. 209-226. Island Press, Washington, DC. Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) Guidance for Coolwater Rivers and Streams of the St. Croix River Basin in Minnesota By Scott Niemela and Michael Feist Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Biological Monitoring Program St Paul, Minnesota 2000 CONTENTS Page # I. Background Information.................................................................................................... 1 The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) .................................................................................... 1 Regionalization and stream classification.......................................................................... 2 IBI validation ..................................................................................................................... 2 Successful applications of the IBI...................................................................................... 3 The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency’s Biological Monitoring Program................... 3 II. The St. Croix River Basin.................................................................................................. 4 Rivers and streams of the St. Croix River Basin ............................................................... 4 The fish assemblage........................................................................................................... 6 III. IBI Sampling Methods.......................................................................................................6 When to sample..................................................................................................................6 Reach length determination ............................................................................................... 6 Electrofishing technique .................................................................................................... 6 Fish processing................................................................................................................... 7 IV. The Metrics ........................................................................................................................ 7 Species richness and composition...................................................................................... 8 Trophic composition and reproductive function................................................................ 9 Fish abundance and condition............................................................................................ 9 V. Special Considerations..................................................................................................... 10 Low catch rates ................................................................................................................ 10 Intermittent streams ......................................................................................................... 10 Coldwater streams............................................................................................................ 10 Natural barriers to fish migration..................................................................................... 10 Stream mouths ................................................................................................................. 11 Calculation and Interpretation of the IBI Score............................................................... 11 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................ 12 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................................... 18 Appendix 1-Metric Validation............................................................................................... 21 Site selection .................................................................................................................... 21 Habitat analysis................................................................................................................ 21 Quantifying human disturbance....................................................................................... 21 Stream classification ........................................................................................................ 23 Graphical analysis of candidate metrics .......................................................................... 26 Appendix 2-River Metrics