2019 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 The Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) was established by a decision of the European Commission in December 2014, and assumed the activities and responsibilities of the JIVE Foundation, which was established in December 1993. JIVE’s mandate is to support the operations and users of the European VLBI Network (EVN), in the widest sense. In 2019, JIVE had six members: The Netherlands, represented by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) France, represented by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Latvia, represented by the Latvijas Izglītības un zinātnes ministrija (IZM) Spain, represented by the Ministerio de Fomento (MF) Sweden, represented by the Vetenskapsrådet (VR) The United Kingdom, represented by the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) JIVE was also supported by the following Participating Research Institutes in 2019: National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC), China Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR), Germany Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF), Italy National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa foreword During my first year as the JIVE Council Chair it has been my pleasure to work closely with Paco Colomer as JIVE Director, members of the JIVE staff and other members of the JIVE council. As an EVN institute Director who also recently served as chair of the EVN Consortium Board of Directors I can only emphasize the absolutely central role that JIVE plays within the EVN. This role continues to expand significantly beyond JIVE’s initial mission, when first established, to provide EVN correlation and user support, to now encompass a range of other activities that JIVE helps catalyse within the EVN community. These roles include helping with network technical and strategy development, nurturing potential new EVN partner telescopes and managing many of the internal and external communications of the EVN. A strong JIVE together with a large and active distributed EVN community, located both at its member telescopes and amongst its users, provides a unique recipe for the success of EVN/JIVE. During 2019 JIVE celebrated the end of its first five years of existence as an ERIC. During the year the JIVE council concluded discussions on a long-term strategy and a recommended core programme for the coming years. These discussions built on the very positive external review of JIVE that was completed in 2018. An important part of the future JIVE strategy lies in attracting new partners to the EVN and JIVE. Significant progress on this front has occurred in 2019, including the signing of a collaboration MoU with NARIT for their 40m radio telescope under construction in Chiang Mai (Thailand). During the year the EU H2020 project JUMPING JIVE project facilitated the development of an updated science vision for the EVN and global VLBI, demonstrating the enormous future potential for VLBI within the landscape of other large facilities. This EU project also has also continued supporting collaborations with several African nations for scientific and technical capacity building. Moreover, a similar initiative is growing in Latin America (IVIA). It is obvious that VLBI becomes ever more a truly global endeavour, in which appropriate coordination of developments is necessary; to this end JIVE is deeply involved in fostering a Global VLBI Alliance, a forum to analyse and optimise global astronomy VLBI developments, and which can also help support new projects such as SKA-VLBI or future space VLBI missions. A number of impressive VLBI science results involving JIVE staff were produced during 2019 including JIVE involvement in making the first image of a shadow of a black hole, announced by the EHT collaboration in April 2019. JIVE scientists and engineers continue to push the technical capabilities and scientific applications of VLBI, developing broadband operations (including an upgrade of the fibre into Dwingeloo to 100 Gbps), new tools for data analysis (VLBI capabilities into CASA), and spreading this expertise to the community at large, via amongst other things training and user support that enables EVN users to focus on their scientific output. Communication of EVN and JIVE activities has seen a great boost during the past year, with a new website, many press releases, participation in events, plus a revamped EVN newsletter edited by JIVE staff. Presence in social networks is increasing as well. In November 2019, Arpad Szomoru retired as Head of R&D at JIVE. Arpad has been instrumental in shaping what JIVE is today, leading the JIVE R&D group successfully for more than two decades. We appreciate Arpad both for his long commitment toward developing JIVE, but even more as a very dear colleague within European VLBI. We also welcome Harro Verkouter to his new role as he takes over Arpad’s former responsibilities within the JIVE management team. It is good to be reminded in this report of the achievements that are possible via the appliance of science by an international community working together towards common goals; as exemplified by JIVE and the EVN, especially at a time (June 2020) when the Coronavirus situation affects the world. I end by noting how impressive it has been to see the extent to which JIVE staff have adapted to Coronavirus restrictions, supporting the equally strong efforts at EVN stations, ensuring that most EVN observations and their correlation continue as planned. I thank everyone involved in these efforts. John Conway Chairman of the JIVE Council 01 02 contents FOREWORD 1 CONTENTS 3 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 JIVE MISSION 5 1.2 JIVE IN 2019 6 1.3 PARTICIPATION IN WORKSHOPS 7 1.4 EVENTS 7 1.5 PERSONNEL 9 2 SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS 10 2.1 THE YEAR OF THE BLACK HOLE 10 2.2 THE CHARISMATIC JET IN THE GALAXY M87 12 2.3 OUR GALAXY 13 3 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 15 3.1 DATA RECORDING AND TRANSPORT 15 3.2 SOFTWARE CORRELATION 17 3.3 USER SOFTWARE 18 3.4 SKA AND VLBI 19 4 SPACE AND PLANETARY SCIENCE 20 4.1 VENUSIAN ATMOSPHERE A SEEN BY PRIDE 20 4.2 TOWARD SPACE-BORN SUB-MILLIMETER VLBI 21 4.3 ULTRA-LONG WAVELENGTH INTERFEROMETRY IN SPACE 22 5 COMMUNICATION AND TRAINING 23 5.1 COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH 23 5.2 TRAINING 25 6 OPERATIONS 26 6.1 CORRELATION 26 6.2 EVN SUPPORT 28 6.3 USER SUPPORT 29 7 JIVE FINANCES 30 7.1 JIVE FINANCIAL REPORT 2019 30 7.2 JIVE PROJECTS 31 8 TABLES AND METRICS 32 8.1 JIVE COUNCIL 32 8.2 JIVE PERSONNEL 33 8.3 EDUCATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 34 8.4 VISITORS TO JIVE 34 8.5 CORRELATOR ACTIVITY 36 8.6 JIVE STAFF PUBLICATIONS 39 8.7 EVN PUBLICATIONS 43 9 LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS 45 03 04 01 INTRODUCTION 1.1 JIVE MISSION The Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) was In order to keep the EVN and JIVE at the forefront established to support, progress and promote of scientific research, JIVE harbours a team of the use of Very Long Baseline Interferometry scientists and engineers, who continually work on (VLBI). VLBI is a technique in which radio the development of new techniques and software telescopes hundreds to thousands of kilometres to further the scientific capabilities of VLBI. The apart observe the same radio source in the team’s primary focus is to develop new observing sky simultaneously. The observations from the modes by investigating new methods to record and telescopes are presented as digital signals, which transport data, in order to enhance the sensitivity are then combined at a central, dedicated data and flexibility of the research infrastructure. processor (the correlator). Astronomers can Novel data processing techniques and platforms use the resulting data to produce an extremely are also explored, and JIVE engineers work on high resolution image of the radio sky. Alongside various user interfaces, such as the software that making images, the technique can be used to astronomers use to schedule their observations measure positions of bright radio sources with and process their data. In addition, there is very high accuracy. considerable expertise at JIVE in deploying VLBI for space applications. In Europe, VLBI is organised through the European VLBI Network (EVN), a consortium that also The JIVE staff members also do scientific research includes members from other continents. JIVE themselves in a number of exciting areas, from hosts the correlator that provides the central data active galactic nuclei at cosmological distances to processing for the EVN and also supports most star evolution in the Galaxy, which is considered interactions with the astronomers who use the essential to maintain appropriate expertise and facility. The EVN is open to any astronomer who provide excellent service to EVN stations and can write a competitive observation proposal. users. JIVE receives the data from the telescope stations JIVE has developed a reputation to foster as computer hard disk recordings, or by direct coordination, innovation and capacity building streaming over fibre links (e-VLBI). The JIVE for European and global VLBI. In its role as support team verifies the data quality, interacts central entity in the EVN, JIVE exploits the ERIC with the staff at the telescopes, and advantages to deal with EC projects. provides support to the end user through subsequent processing and analysis as requested. Calibration data and images from a standard data pipeline are included in the final user product. 05 1.2 JIVE in 2019 As a consequence of the recommendations given towards a robust monitoring system for the VLBI by the review committee during its evaluation of networks), many training activities in Africa, and a JIVE in 2018, the JIVE strategy has been revised very strategic development to include the SKA in and approved by the JIVE Council.