A TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BENTHIC MACRO- and MEGAINVERTEBRATES from Infaunal & Epifaunal Monitoring and Research Programs in the Southern California Bight EDITION 12 1 July 2018 Prepared by The Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Research & Collections 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 9000 The editors of this list intend that it undergo regular updates. SCAMIT hopes to maintain the list as a document useful to those involved with monitoring programs within the Southern California Bight. To this end we solicit the users' assistance. Please forward any comments, corrections, or suggested additions you may have to: Senior Editors Donald B. Cadien Lawrence L. Lovell ([email protected]) & ([email protected]) Managing Editor Kelvin L. Barwick ([email protected]) Layout and Assembly Editor Brent M. Haggin ([email protected]) Contributing Taxonomists: Phylum Arthropoda D. Cadien (lead), T. Phillips, R. Velarde, D. Pasko, D. Tang Phylum Annelida L. Harris (lead), L. Lovell, R. Velarde, T. Phillips, B. Haggin Phylum Brachiopoda M. Lilly (lead), W. Enright, D. Pasko Phyla Calcarea & Silicea D. Cadien (lead), B. Haggin, M. Lilly, Z. Scott, J. Smolenski, N. Haring Phylum Chordata M. Lilly (lead), D. Pasko, Z. Scott Phylum Cnidaria T. Phillips (lead), D. Cadien, D. Pasko, J. Smolensk, J. Loan Phylum Echinodermata M. Lilly (lead), E. Oderlin, T. Phillips, D. Cadien Phylum Echiura B. Haggin (lead), W. Enright Phylum Bryozoa D. Cadien (lead), C. Paquette, J. Smolenski, J. Loan, Z. Scott Phylum Entoprocta K. Barwick (lead), J. Smolenski, J. Loan Phylum Kinorhyncha K. Barwick (lead), N. Haring Phylum Mollusca K. Barwick (lead), W. Enright, G. Lyon, R. Velarde, T. Phillips, M. Lilly Phylum Nematoda W. Enright (lead), L. Lovell Phylum Nemertea B. Haggin (lead), M. Lilly, T. Phillips, D. Pasko Phylum Phoronida W. Enright (lead), M. Lilly, J. Loan Phylum Platyhelminthes T. Phillips (lead), L. Harris Phylum Sipuncula W. Enright (lead), M. Lilly, D. Pasko, J. Loan Webmaster D. Pentcheff This document is available to members for downloading in Portable Document Format (pdf) at the SCAMIT website (www.scamit.org). To view or download the document you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader which allows you to view or print pdf files. The reader is distributed by Adobe free of charge and may be downloaded from their website (www.adobe.com). Copyright © 2018 by the Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists This material may not be duplicated and resold. Permission to copy or use is hereby granted subject to inclusion of this copyright notice. Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists A TAXONOMIC LISTING OF BENTHIC MACRO- and MEGAINVERTEBRATES from Infaunal and Epifaunal Monitoring and Research Programs in the Southern California Bight Prepared by The Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists Donald B. Cadien, Lawrence L. Lovell, and Kelvin L. Barwick, editors EDITION 12 Taxonomic standardization, assuring that the same name is applied to an organism by different taxonomists each time that organism is encountered, is an important quality assurance concern in any biological moni- toring program. Compatibility of taxonomic data generated by agencies and organizations contributing to regional monitoring programs is essential if the full value of these surveys is to be realized. There are two obstacles to achieving the goal of standardization: the complexity and fluidity of invertebrate taxonomy, and the differences in expertise, experience, and opinion of taxonomists involved in monitoring within the region. While these obstacles hinder us from achieving uniformity, a great deal can be accomplished in its pursuit. Central to that effort is regional cooperation and communication among the taxonomists responsi- ble for the surveys. The Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists (SCAMIT) was formed in 1982 to promote the study of invertebrate taxonomy and develop a standardized taxonomy of marine inverte- brates within the region. Its membership includes most of the taxonomists responsible for conducting in- faunal and epifaunal monitoring programs in Southern California coastal waters. SCAMIT's activities in- clude monthly meetings, workshops, and communication of taxonomic information to its membership through a newsletter and website (www.scamit.org). This list of invertebrates from benthic habitats of the Southern California Bight (SCB) is a contribution of SCAMIT toward the development of regionally coordinated monitoring within the Bight. This edition up- dates Edition 11 of July 2016, and continues SCAMIT's efforts to compile and maintain a list of species for which taxonomy is believed standard within the region. That is, a list of species names that are uniformly and consistently applied to organisms in research and monitoring programs within the region. Like earlier editions, this is a conservative document constrained by both the information base from which it is derived and by the criteria for inclusion of taxa on the list. Caution is required in the use of this or any other “master” species list. Taxonomic listings do not in them- selves constitute standardization of taxonomic usage. They are only tools that contribute to standardization, both as a product and in the process of their development and maintenance. Those responsible for develop- ing regional monitoring should not attempt to impose on contributing surveys an artificially rigid taxonomy Edition 12 i 1 July 2018 Southern California Association of Marine Invertebrate Taxonomists based upon a static list of standard names. Such an approach would inevitably lead to poorer quality survey data. Some differences in taxonomy and nomenclatural usage will continue to appear in data sets originating from contributing surveys. Most of these will reflect either change in the species encountered or new revi- sionary work. Some will represent non-standard usage despite efforts such as this listing and other activities of SCAMIT. Regional data management systems must allow both growth and emendation to their species lists to conform to current usage. Ranasinghe et al. (2003b) evaluated the success of quality assurance taxonomic standardization in the second regional monitoring survey, Bight’98 (B’98), and provided some idea of both the value of the contributions to standardization made to date and the magnitude of the unre- solved issues. Edition 7 was the first edition available only on-line. It was available in Portable Document Format (pdf), which is fully searchable. This renders the Index provided in previous editions obsolete, and none is pro- vided here. Edition 12 is another step in the evolution to a fully interactive on-line list in the future, where comments and questions regarding the list contents can be made by users in real-time. Future lists will be linked to other resources on the internet, providing additional information on the species covered. We have not yet accomplished this, but look forward to doing so in the near future. COVERAGE OF EDITION 12 This document provides a list of macroinvertebrates and megainvertebrates from both soft and hard bottom habitats of the SCB. Holoplanktonic species are not included in the list. For the purposes of the list, ma- croinvertebrates are defined as those organisms retained upon a 0.3 mm or larger mesh screen. Epibenthic megainvertebrates are defined as benthic organisms captured in otter trawls and having a body dimension greater than 1 cm. The list draws from sampling pro- Contributing Programs grams that have been in existence since as early as 1970 (see table of contributors). Over that period, LARGE DISCHARGE MONITORING PROGRAMS City of Los Angeles, Bureau of Sanitation, Environ- sampling frequencies and station locations have var- mental Monitoring Division ied but gear types and methods have been stable. The County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County list reflects organisms collected from thousands of Orange County Sanitation District samples within the habitats covered. Most records are City of San Diego, Public Utilities Department from soft substrate on the inner to mid-shelf within the SMALL DISCHARGE MONITORING PROGRAMS Goleta Sanitary District SCB, but information on other habitats from the inter- City of Santa Barbara tidal to the nearshore basins are also represented. Rec- Carpenteria Sanitary District ords in the published literature are not sufficient for City of Oxnard inclusion, only actual examined specimens form the South East Regional Reclamation Authority City of Oceanside basis for this listing. There are 3250 species-level taxa Encina Water Pollution Control Facility on the list representing 18 phyla, 40 classes, 137 or- San Elijo Joint Powers Authority ders, and 743 families. City of Avalon International Treatment Plant Geographic coverage is from Point Conception, Cali- Terminal Island Treatment Plant Outfall Study fornia, to Bahía Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES Mexico, in intertidal to 1000 m depths. As in previous Tijuana Ocean Engineering Study editions, the information on which the list is based LACSD Reference Survey San Diego Sediment Mapping Study comes from survey data collected in monitoring pro- San Diego Deep Benthic Pilot Study grams of publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). REGIONAL SURVEYS Coverage within the Bight is biased by the distribution Southern California Coastal Water Research Project