TRANSACTIONS of the DUMFRIESSHIRE AND GALLOWAY NATURAL HISTORY and ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY XC VOLUME 90 2016 TRANSACTIONS of the DUMFRIESSHIRE AND GALLOWAY NATURAL HISTORY and ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY FOUNDED 20 NOVEMBER 1862 THIRD SERIES VOLUME 90 XC Editors: ELAINE KENNEDY JAMES FOSTER ISSN 0141-1292 2016 DUMFRIES Published by the Council of the Society Office-Bearers 2015–2016 and Fellows of the Society President Mr L. Murray Vice Presidents Mr D. Rose, Mrs P.G. Williams, Mr R. Copland and Mr D. Dutton Fellows of the Society Mr A.D. Anderson, Mr J.H.D. Gair, Dr J.B. Wilson, Mr K.H. Dobie, Mrs E. Toolis, Dr D.F. Devereux, Mrs M. Williams and Dr F. Toolis Mr L.J. Masters and Mr R.H. McEwen — appointed under Rule 10 Hon. Secretary Mr J.L. Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY Hon. Membership Secretary Mr S. McCulloch, 28 Main Street, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8BY Hon. Treasurer Mr M. Cook (until 31 March 2016), Mrs A. Weighill (from 1 April 2016) Hon. Librarian Mr R. Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS Hon. Institutional Subscriptions Secretary Mrs A. Weighill Hon. Editors Mrs E. Kennedy, Nether Carruchan, Troqueer, Dumfries DG2 8LY Dr J. Foster (Webmaster), 21 Maxwell Street, Dumfries DG2 7AP Hon. Syllabus Conveners Miss S. Ratchford, Tadorna, Hollands Farm Road, Caerlaverock, Dumfries DG1 4RS Mrs A. Clarke, 4 Redhall Road, Templand, Lockerbie DG11 1TF Hon. Curators Mrs J. Turner and Miss S. Ratchford Hon. Outings Organisers President and Secretary Ordinary Members Dr Jeanette Brock, Dr Jeremy Brock, Mr D. Scott, Mr J. McKinnell, Mr A. Gair, Mr N. Lawson CONTENTS An Updated Bathymetry of Loch Skeen, Dumfriesshire by Alex A. Lyle and Ian Winfield .................................................................................. 9 The Place-Names of the Parish of Lochmaben — Reconstructing the Settlement Landscape of Early Medieval Dumfriesshire, c. AD 600–1000 by Christoph Otte ............................................................................................................ 17 The Population of South West Scotland in the Time of Bruce and Wallace by Stuart McCulloch ....................................................................................................... 51 The Glenkens, Cattle, Cotton and Capitalism by Alistair Livingston ................................... 67 Addenda to the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Parishes in Volume II of The Statistical Account of Scotland, by Robert Riddell of Glenriddel by Pauline Williams and James Williams (1944–2009) .................................................. 79 Co-operation in 1870s Dumfries: the experience of the Dumfries & Maxwelltown Co-operative Provision Society by Ian Gasse .......................................... 97 From the Western Front to Westminster: John Charteris in War and Peace 1914–29 by David Dutton ............................................................................................... 117 Addenda Antiquaria The Lochmaben Bells by John Wilson .................................................................................. 137 Some Unsolved Problems in the History of Roads in Dumfries and Galloway by Alex. D. Anderson ...................................................................................................... 139 Notices of Publication ............................................................................................................ 144 Obituaries Antony Wolffe (1920-2016) ............................................................................................ 147 Robert H. McEwen (1944-2016) ..................................................................................... 150 Proceedings ........................................................................................................................... 151 EDITORIAL INFORMATION Contributions are invited on the geology, natural history, archaeology and history of South West Scotland and preference is always given to original work on subjects of local interest. Intending contributors should contact the Editors, giving details of the topic and approximate size of their paper. Much more information about the Transactions, including digitised copies of the entire run from 1862 onwards, with the exception of the most recent five years, is available on the Society’s website, www.dgnhas.org.uk. Each contributor has seen a proof of his or her paper and neither the Editors nor the Society hold themselves responsible for the accuracy of information in it. Contributors are responsible for obtaining permission to use copyright material in their papers and to acknowledge this where relevant. The Hon. Secretary, Mr John L. Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY, Tel: 01387 710274, deals with all matters other than membership and institutional subscriptions which are dealt with by the Hon. Membership Secretary, Mr Stuart McCulloch, The Auld Manse, 28 Main Street, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8BY and the Hon. Institutional Subscriptions Secretary, Mrs A. Weighill, Drungans, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8EB respectively. Payment of membership subscriptions should be made to Mr Stuart McCulloch (see above) who will be pleased to arrange for subscriptions and donations to be treated as Gift Aid. This can increase the income of the Society without, generally, any additional cost to the member. All payments, other than subscriptions, should be made to the Hon. Treasurer, Mrs A. Weighill, Drungans, New Abbey, Dumfries DG2 8EB. Exchange periodicals should be sent to the Editor, Elaine Kennedy, Nether Carruchan, Troqueer, Dumfries DG2 8LY. Exchange periodicals are deposited with Dumfries Museum and prior contact should be made with museum staff if access is required to consult these. (Telephone 01387 253374). Enquiries regarding back numbers of the Transactions should be made to the Hon. Librarian, Mr R. Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS, Tel: 01387 247297. A list of publications of the Society is given at the end of this volume. Members can assist the Society by handing in volumes that are no longer required. It follows that volumes marked as out of print may be available from time to time. The Society may make small grants for excavation or research. Applications should be made prior to 28 February in each year to the Hon. Secretary. Researchers are also reminded of the Mouswald Trust, founded by our late President, Dr R.C. Reid, which provides grants for work on certain periods. Enquiries and applications for grants to the Mouswald Trust should be made to Primrose and Gordon, Solicitors, 1 Newall Terrace, Dumfries, DG1 1LN. The Society may also be able to assist with applications for funding from other sources. Copyright Requests for permission to reproduce material from the Transactions should be sent to the Editors, as well as to the author, illustrator, photographer or other creator of content. It is permitted to make single copies of articles for research purposes by an individual and for library reserve or short-term loan use. Multiple copies of articles may be made for educational purposes by a non-profit-making institution for use within that institution only. Copies made for all other purposes require the prior consent of DGNHAS and the relevant copyright holders. On-line publication The Council of the Society has taken the decision to upload files of the Transactions onto its website when five years have elapsed since their publication. This is to alert copyright holders to our intention to make digital versions of their work available on-line. Anyone with concerns about their copyright material being reproduced in this way should contact the Editor. The illustration on the front cover is of the Wamphray cross-slab from the article ‘The Early Church in Dumfriesshire’ by W.G. Collingwood, in Volume 12 (1926) of these Transactions. THE TRUCKELL PRIZE In 2009, the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society established The Truckell Prize, commemorating the late A.E. Truckell and his outstanding contribution to local studies in Dumfries and Galloway.1 The prize was open to undergraduate or postgraduate students from the Crichton Campus, Dumfries for a research paper on a human or natural history topic relating to the geographical area covered by the three former counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. In its first five years the prize was awarded on two occasions. The Society has now revised the terms of the prize as follows: • The prize is open to all-comers (with the exception of previous winners of the prize) for an original, unpublished (and not submitted for consideration for pub- lication elsewhere) research paper on a human or natural-history topic relating to the geographical area covered by the three former counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. Entries, or earlier versions, which have been openly published in conventional print or on-line (in e-journals, blogs, etc.) will not be considered. Entries from researchers at an early stage in their careers are encouraged. • Entries must meet the editorial standard required by these Transactions to qualify. The current Notes for Contributors are available on the Society’s website: www. dgnhas.org.uk. • The winning paper must be made available for publication as an article in these Transactions. Copyright in the published paper will be held by the Society, and any other further publication must be approved by the Society. • The prize will be awarded annually. Entries may be submitted at any time but the deadline for submission