THE MAGAZINE FOR COMPUTING & DIGITAL MAKING EDUCATORS DATABASES AND BIG DATA Why do many struggle with databases - and what can you do about it? Issue 5 Summer Term 2018 helloworld.cc INSPIRING ENGINEERS! Ideas and inspiration to get your students thinking like engineers Coding and INCLUSION Helping visually impaired students realise their potential ORGANISING A COMPUTING DAY OUT PSSST! IS IT Where to go, and what to OKAY TO COPY? Why building on existing do when you get there... code is great for teaching helloworld • • 1 (helloworld.cc)FLOW CONTROL IN PRIMARY PROGRAMMING HOW WE BUILT THE RASPBERRY PI WHY IT’S WORTH cc . PLUS TRYING GP! AFTER SCRATCH • MICRO:BIT • TANGIBLE PROGRAMMING IDEAS • 2018: YEAR OF ENGINEERING THE MAGAZINE FOR COMPUTING & DIGITAL MAKING EDUCATORS SPRING TERM 2018 DATABASES SUBSCRIBE AND BIG DATA IN PRINT Why do many struggle with databases - and what can you do about it? helloworld.cc ISSUE 5 Issue 5 Summer Term 2018 FOR FREE CELEBRATING INSPIRING NEW ENGINEER TURN TO PAGE INSPIRING NEW ENGINEERS! 32 How the next generation of creators and makers are sitting in your classroom Coding And 20,000 INCLUSION Helping visually impaired EDITORIAL SUBSCRIBERS students realise their potential Publishing Director SCHOOL TRIP: PSSST! IS IT ORGANISING A OKAY TO COPY?! Russell Barnes Why building on others’ COMPUTING DAY OUT! coding is great for teaching Where to go, and what to [email protected] do when you get there... • WHAT COMES AFTER • HOW WE BUILT THE RASPBERRY • 2018:PI YEAR OF ENGINEERING helloworld. 03/05/2018 06:56 WHAT ARE THE ENGINEERING• PROGRAMMING: HABITS OF MIND? JUST ONE THING AFTER ANOTHER? (helloworld.cc) • MICRO:BIT 1 SCRATCH? GP! cc PLUS Contributing Editor HELLO, WORLD! 001_HW#5_Cover_v01_JR_NK_CS6.indd 1 Miles Berry 018 marks the Year of Engineering, and There’s a growing number of educators [email protected] so our cover feature for this issue of the turning their attention now to AI in education. 2 magazine focusses on this. We talk of The House of Lords AI Select Committee STEM education: at school level, there seems recently recommended that “children need to PRODUCTION far more focussed on science and maths than be adequately prepared for working with, and SBL Ltd technology and engineering, whereas it could using, AI. The ethical design and use of AI should [email protected] be argued that it’s engineering and technology become an integral part of the curriculum.” If Production team that have the greatest direct impact on our you’re interested in helping the young people you Simon Brew lives and our world. Computing is, perhaps, the work with learn more about AI, check out Beverly John Moore silent ‘C’ in STEM, with close links to science (as Clarke’s new unit of work (p34), and Ken Khan’s Rachel Storry the zeroth science, and through computational work bringing AI to block-based coding in Snap!. Design science), mathematics (from Turing and Church’s Laura Passmore day onwards), engineering (as hardware, and We’re delighted to welcome many new Cover photography: in software development), and technology (for authors to the Hello World community in BigStockPhoto all digital technology). There are some great this issue. Would you like to join them? If so, initiatives now to promote engineering at pitch us a story idea school level, and perhaps help to develop the via [email protected]. CONTRIBUTORS ‘engineering habits of mind’ that Jon Chippindall Critical Media Ltd writes about (p16): check out Maggie Philbin’s Rik Cross Teen Tech (p20) and Susan Scurlock’s Primary Miles Berry Lucia Florianova Lucy Hattersley Engineer (p21) for just two examples. Contributing Editor Nicola King Oliver Quinlan FEATURED THIS ISSUE Hello World is a joint collaboration: This magazine is printed on paper sourced from sustainable forests and the printer operates an environmental management system which has been assessed as conforming to ISO 14001. JOHN MALONEY BEVERLY CLARKE MAGGIE PHILBIN Hello World is published by Raspberry Pi CREATOR OF GP AUTHOR & EDUCATION BROADCASTER, CEO OF (Trading) Ltd., 30 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2JH. The publisher, editor, and contributors CONSULTANT TEENTECH accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to skills, products John was the lead developer of Scratch Beverly is a former teacher and Director With over 30 years of radio and or services referred to in the magazine. for its first 11 years. More recently, he’s of Computing. Now, she is an author and television experience, Maggie Philbin Except where otherwise noted, content in this magazine is licensed under a Creative Commons been creating GP with Jens Monig and consultant for BCS Chartered Institute OBE has long championed science, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Yoshiki Ohshima. He had over 25 years for IT. Her latest book, Computer Science technology and medical programming. of experience in live, beginner-friendly Teacher - Insight Into The Computing She co-founded TeenTech in 2008, programming systems. Classroom, is available now. and is its CEO. helloworld.cc 3 CONTENTS COVER CODING FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED FEATURE 13 The importance of inclusion in the classroom 28 ENGINEERING IN FOCUS COPYING IS ALLOWED! Our bumper section starts on page 13! Why programming depends on it! 42 ENGINEERING SPECIAL NEWS AND FEATURES AFTER SCRATCH, TRY GP! RHYS MORGAN 40 13 How GP can help students The Royal Academy of Engineering’s INSIGHTS & RESEARCH director of engineering’s welcome 22 Computational thinking, the PRIMM model, and digital making educators 42 COPYING IS ALLOWED ENGINEERS MAKE THINGS Copying is important for learning 14 THAT HELP PEOPLE 26 FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM Cultivating engineering skills Greg Michaelson on recursion AGILE METHODOLOGIES 44 Working as a software developer SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 15 CS FOR ALL Turning a hobby into a job! 28 Coding for the visually impaired USING MAKERSPACES 46 16 THINK LIKE AN ENGINEER Makerspaces are an invaluable tool Get your pupils’ habits of mind THE POWER OF NETWORKING working in your classroom 30 Tracing the development of networking TEACHING DATABASES 48 Use big data to engage students 18 ‘HOW WE CAME UP WITH AIINSCHOOLS THE RASPBERRY PI’ 34 The AIIinSchools programme PRIMARY PROGRAMMING DESIGN The challenges and the solutions 54 Teach design elements in programming IS BEE-BOT A COMPUTER? 36 to help pupils develop their skills 20 MAGGIE PHILBIN Just what is a computer? All about the TeenTech Awards GP, SCRATCH, SNAP! NEW EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES ENGINEERS IN THE MAKING! 38 56 21 A little bit of STEM by stealth! Block-based programming Offering new educational contexts to your students 4 helloworld.cc 48 GUIDE 77 ADDING BLOCKS TO SNAP! Enable children to build AI programs TEACHING DATABASES USING BIG DATA Engaging students about databases LESSON PLANS LIGHT UP YOUR WORLD! 50 Create a light sensor using the micro:bit USING LOGO How to illustrate five characteristics of 52 computational thinking - in one plan! BLUFFER’S GUIDE TO SCHOOL TRIPS Your essential guide to a good day out! 78 CONVERSATION MATHEMATICAL MUSINGS 58 TO BOLDLY GO INTO VR 70 Lorna Elkes on the benefits of VR Mark Thornber on repeating decimals BLUFFER’S GUIDE 78 Our special guide to planning PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT a computing school trip 60 SUPPORTING SEN CHILDREN 71 How tangible programming can help How it can build confidence LETTERS 82 This issue: Picademy, Snap! PROSTHETIC HAND 63 LANGTON’S ANT 72 and stretched budgets… Paul Powell talks about a simple yet A student-centred learning story interesting algorithm MAKING LEARNING HAPPEN 74 TANGIBLE LEARNING 64 How hackspaces can augment your Teaching reception and Key Stage 1 classroom learning 90 WHY CODING IS LIKE COOKING A deeper understanding of coding 66 FLOW CONTROL Do primary learners need to REVIEWS understand it? 92 EVENTFUL INSPIRATION Run a successful tech-based event 88 BOOKS ROUND-UP 69 TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS New resources read and reviewed! Which kind of teacher are you PINKIFY when it comes to technology? 96 Gender stereotypes and coding helloworld.cc 5 NEWS FEATURE SCRATCH 3.0 DUE IN AUGUST New version of Scratch to support micro:bit and tablet computers he MIT Scratch Team is due T to launch version 3.0 of its popular educational programming tool this August. Scratch is a visual programming language that enables students to learn the basics of computer programming by connecting blocks. These can be used to create interactive stories and games. Set for release in August 2018, Scratch 3.0 will be a complete redesign of the program. The MIT Scratch team aims to implement a number of exciting new features. “Scratch 3.0 is the next generation of Scratch,” say the MIT Scratch team. “With Scratch 3.0, you will be able to play Scratch projects on your phone, create n The new scratch interface is designed for tablet devices such as the Apple iPad. It’s larger blocks are easier to tap and drag Scratch projects on your tablet, and control Scratch projects with your voice.” Support for tablets (such as Apple iPad WITH SCRATCH 3.0, YOU’LL BE ABLE and Google Android devices) will help “ educators working with these increasingly TO PLAY SCRATCH PROJECTS ON YOUR popular devices. You’ll also be able to use PHONE, CREATE SCRATCH PROJECTS ON Scratch 3.0 on Chromebooks. Scratch 3.0 will ditch Adobe Flash YOUR TABLET, AND CONTROL SCRATCH technology (which isn’t supported by most PROJECTS WITH YOUR VOICE.” tablets) in favour of HTML5. More information on the technologies being used can be found on the Scratch the micro:bit device (helloworld.cc/2rj8Axl). There will also be dozens of new Wiki (helloworld.cc/2IdsZyz). The Raspberry Pi is already supported in characters, backdrops and sounds Scratch, but sadly other boards, such as the available, which will freshen up the micro:bit PicoBoard and LEGO WeDo, aren’t going to program for long-term users.