Annual Deforestation Report of Brazil Annual Deforestation Report of Brazil 2019 Annual Deforestation Report of Brazil 2019 EXECUTION MAPS CONCEPTION EDITORIAL DESIGN MapBiomas Marcos Reis Rosa Thiago Oliveira Basso REVIEW INSTITUTIONS AND STAFF AUTHORS Liuca Yonaha (veja a lista completa no anexo III) Tasso Rezende de Azevedo Barbara Zimbres Marcos Reis Rosa Julia Zanin Shimbo Eduardo Velez Martin ENGLISGH TRANSLATION Magaly Gonzales de Oliveira Barbara Zimbres CITATION Cesar Guerreiro Diniz Annual Deforestation Report of Brazil DATABASE ORGANIZATION Julia Zanin Shimbo 2019 – São Paulo, SP – MapBiomas, Leandro Leal Parente Marcelo Matsumoto 2020 – 49 pages. Luiz Cortinhas Ferreira Neto Mario Barroso Ramos Neto Tasso Rezende de Azevedo Rafaela Bergamo http://alerta.mapbiomas.org SUMMARY . Aknowledgments (4) . Executive Summary (5) 1 Introduction (5) 2 Objective and Scope (7) 3 Concepts (8) 4 Methods (10) 5 Results (15) . Annexes (36) Brazilian Deforestation Monitoring Systems (37) Methods Detailed Description (38) MapBiomas Alert Institutions and Staff (47) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS To all co-creator institutions of MapBio- ABEMA – Brazilian Association of LAPIG/UFG – Laboratory of Image mas Alert, and to all the analysts who State Environmental Entities Processing and Geoprocessing at worked tirelessly to evaluate tens of thou- ANA – National Water Agency the Federal University of Goiás sands of deforestation alerts – especially MMA – Ministry of the Environment those who coordinated the work on the bi- ANAMMA – National Association of omes: Eduardo Vélez, Marcos Rosa, Diego Municipal Environmental Bodies MODIS – Moderate–Resolution Costa, Nerivaldo Afonso, Eduardo Rosa, APA – Environmental Protection Area. Imaging Spectroradiometer Joaquim Pereira, Camila Balzani, Antonio API – Application NICFI – Norway’s International Fonseca, Lana Teixeira, and Elaine Bar- Climate and Forest Initiative bosa. All institutions and team member Programming Interface analysts are listed in Annex 3. APNE – Northeast Plants Association PA – Settlement Project APP – Permanent Preservation Area PMFS – Sustainable Forest To the developers who created the tools Management Plan that made it possible to execute the ASV – Vegetation Suppression PRODES – Amazon Deforestation MapBiomas Alert, in particular: João Authorization Monitoring Program Siqueira, Rafael Guerra, Leandro Leal, CAR –Rural Environmental Registry. Luiz Cortinhas, Mateus Medeiros, and PRODES Cerrado – Deforestation Sérgio Oliveira. CIFF – Children’s Investment Monitoring Program on Cerrado Fund Foundation QGIS – software Quantum GIS To the teams from INPE, IMAZON, and the CLUA – Climate and Land Use Alliance University of Maryland for producing de- RESEX – Extractive Reserve CNUC – National Register forestation detection systems, which are of Conservation Units RL – Legal Reserve the fundamental raw material of MapBio- SAD – IMAZON Deforestation mas Alert, especially to the coordinators CRQ – Remnant Quilombola Alert System of these systems: Cláudio Almeida, Carlos Communities Souza, and Matt Hansen. DETER – Real Time Deforestation SAD Caatinga – Deforestation Alert Detection System System for the Caatinga biome To the government employees of IBAMA, SCCON – Santiago & Cintra Consultoria ICMBio, Brazilian Forest Service, Public FEPAM – Rio Grande do Sul State Prosecutor’s Office, TCU, INPE, and the Environmental Protection Foundation SEMA – State Secretariat SEMAs, who participated in the meetings Flona – National Forest for the Environment of the Technical Committee of MapBio- Funai – National Indian Foundation SFB – Brazilian Forest Service mas Alert for the ideas, contributions, SIAD – Integrated Deforestation and even for pushing us to the limit of GEE – Google Earth Engine Alert System possibilities. GLAD – Global Land Analysis and Discovery at the University of Maryland SIGEF – Land Management System To our funders for their decisive support GWC – Global Wildlife Conservation SINAFLOR – National System for the to make the MapBiomas project viable: Control of the Origin of Forest Products Children’s Investment Fund Foundation ha – hectares (CIFF), Climate and Land Use Alliance SIPAM/SAR – Integrated Deforestation IBAMA – Brazilian Institute of (CLUA), Global Wildlife Conservation Alert System with orbital radar the Environment and Renewable (GWC), Good Energies Foundation, Gor- Natural Resources SIRAD-X – Deforestation monitoring don & Betty Moore Foundation, Norway’s system of the Xingu + Network International Climate and Forestry Initia- IBGE – Brazilian Institute of SIVAM – Amazon Surveillance System tive (NICFI), Arapyaú Institute, Climate Geography and Statistics and Society Institute (ICS), Humanize ICMBio – Chico Mendes Institute TCU – Federal Audit Court Institute, Walmart Foundation (US), and for Biodiversity Conservation TI – Indigenous Reserves Wellspring Philanthropic Fund (WPC). ICS – Instituto Clima and Society TNC – The Nature Conservancy To SCCON/Planet for the partnership in ICV –Centro de Vida Institute UC – Conservation Units building a customized platform to operate ID – Unique Identifier of an Alert the selection of images for validation and UEFS –Feira de Santana refinement of deforestation alerts. IMAZON – Institute of People and State University Environment of the Amazon UF – Federation Unit To Google for supporting the data process- INCRA – National Institute of UFRGS – Federal University ing and storage infrastructure that allows Colonization and Agrarian Reform of Rio Grande do Sul MapBiomas to truly operate as a network. INPE – National Institute US – United States of America for Space Research To IBAMA and the Brazilian Forest Ser- WRI – World Resources Institute vice for providing web services granting IPAM –Amazon Environmental access to the CAR and SINAFLOR data- Research Institute bases, which are essential to produce ISA – Socioambiental Institute customized reports. JAXA – Japanese Aerospace To the Arapyaú Institute for the institu- Exploration Agency tional, administrative, legal and financial support necessary to organize the Map- JICA – Japan International Biomas network, in particular Amanda Cooperation Agency Nunes, Emma Lima, Felipe Gasperi, Re- JJFAST – Forest Early Warning nata Piazzon, and Andrea Apponi. System in the Tropics EXECUTIVE SUMARY This report analyzes the Brazilian defor- SINAFLOR (National System for the Con- estation alerts, which have been validat- trol of the Origin of Forest Products), the ed and refined by theMapBiomas Alert National Registry of Conservation Units project based on high-resolution satellite (CNUC), and other geographic bound- imagery for the year 2019. aries (e.g., biomes, states, river basins). Also, the recent annual land use land As part of the multi-institutional Map- cover history (2012 to 2018) acquired Biomes initiative (MapBiomas.org), in- from the MapBiomas Brazil project was volving universities, NGOs, and technol- also presented in the reports. ogy companies, the MapBiomas Alert project aims to develop a system for the validation and refinement of alerts of In total, 56,867 alerts were identified, deforestation, degradation, and regen- validated, and refined across the Brazil- eration of native vegetation based on ian territory, resulting in 1,218,708 hect- 2 high-resolution images. ares (12,187 km ) of deforestation. Out of all alerts, 83% (63% of the area) are in the This publication corresponds to the first Amazon biome, with a total area of ​​770 Annual Deforestation Report produced thousand ha. The Cerrado biome is next in Brazil, covering all the Brazilian bi- with 13% of the alerts (33.5% of the area), omes. In this version, the alerts gener- totaling 408.6 thousand ha, followed by ated by DETER (INPE’s Real-Time Defor- the Pantanal with 16.5 thousand ha, the estation Detection System, which covers Atlantic Forest with 10.6 thousand ha, the Amazon and Cerrado biomes), SAD Caatinga with 12.1 thousand ha, and (Imazon’s Deforestation Alert System, for Pampa with 642 ha. the Amazon), and GLAD (Global Land Incidence of alerts and total Analysis and Discovery, from the Univer- deforested area by biome (2019) sity Maryland, covering all the remaining BIOME ALERT DEFORESTED biomes) were used as a reference to lo- INCIDENCE AREA (HA) cate deforestation with daily high-res- Amazon 47,269 770,148 olution (3 meters) satellite images. For Caatinga 523 12,153 each validated and refined alert, a report Cerrado 7,402 408,646 was generated which contained images Atl. Forest 1,390 10.598 from before and after the deforestation Pampa 68 642 event, as well as possible intersections Pantanal 215 16,521 between the alerts and areas from the BRAZIL 56,867 1,218,708 Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), the Source: MapBiomas Alert. Annual Deforestation Report of Brazil — 2019 5 The Amazon and the Cerrado together Over 38% of the alerts (55% of the area) represented 96.7% of the deforested have some degree of overlap with Per- area detected in 2019. These are the manent Preservation Areas (APP), Legal two best-monitored biomes in Brazil, Reserves, or headwaters as declared in presenting continuous deforestation the CAR, which are legally protected by monitoring systems with methodologi- the Forest Code. cal approaches adapted for the respec- tive regions. The other biomes use data Over 99% of validated deforestation from GLAD, a global monitoring system alerts (96% in area) do not have the au- without adaptation to specific condi- thorization to suppress native vegetation tions. As a result, the