Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project Country Report – Household Survey Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Nakasongola and Soroti Districts in Uganda Johnny Mugisha, Gratious M. Diiro, William Ekere, Augustine Langyintuo, and Wilfred Mwangi The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, known by its Spanish acronym, CIMMYT® (www.cimmyt.org), is an international, not-for-profit research and training organization. With partners in over 100 countries, the center works to sustainably increase the productivity of maize and wheat systems to ensure global food security and reduce poverty. The center's outputs and services include improved maize and wheat varieties and cropping systems, the conservation of maize and wheat genetic resources, and capacity building. CIMMYT belongs to and is funded by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (www.cgiar.org) and also receives support from national governments, foundations, development banks, and other public and private agencies. CIMMYT is particularly grateful for the generous, unrestricted funding that has kept the center strong and effective over many years. The Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project is jointly being implemented by CIMMYT and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Its funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Howard G. Buffett Foundation. The project is part of a broad partnership also involving national agricultural research and extension systems, seed companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and advanced research institutes, together known as the DTMA Initiative. Its activities build on longer-term support by other donors, including the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and the Eiselen Foundation. The project aims to develop and disseminate drought tolerant, high-yielding, locally-adapted maize varieties and to reach 30–40 million people in sub-Saharan Africa with these varieties in 10 years. © International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed in the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CIMMYT or its contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this report are those of individual scientists and do not necessarily reflect the views of the donor, the DTMA project, or the authors’ institutions. CIMMYT encourages fair use of this material. Proper citation is requested. Correct citation: Mugisha, J., G. Diiro, W. Ekere, A. Langyintuo, and W. Mwangi. 2011. Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Nakasongola and Soroti Districts in Uganda. Country Report – Uganda. Nairobi: CIMMYT. This report is presented without a thorough peer review with the main purpose of making data and information rapidly available to research teams and partners in the DTMA project and for use in developing future peer-reviewed publications. Readers are invited to send comments directly to the corresponding author(s). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect opinions of CIMMYT, Makerere University, other partners, or donors. ii Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) Project Country Report – Household Survey Characterization of Maize Producing Households in Nakasongola and Soroti Districts in Uganda Johnny Mugisha1,*, Gratious M. Diiro1, William Ekere1, Augustine Langyintuo2, and Wilfred Mwangi3 December 2011 1Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness, Makerere University, Uganda 2CIMMYT, Harare Zimbabwe; present affiliation: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), Nairobi, Kenya 3CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya *Corresponding author: P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Tel: +256-41 531 152; E-mail: [email protected] iii Contents Tables ............................................................................................................................................. v Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... vi Foreword and acknowledgement............................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 2 Materials and methods ......................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Sampling and data collection ........................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Characterization of survey locations .............................................................................................. 3 3 Household characteristics .................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Categorizing household access to capital assets ........................................................................... 6 3.2 Human capital .................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Natural capital .................................................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Physical capital ................................................................................................................................. 13 3.5 Financial capital ............................................................................................................................... 14 3.6 Institutional and social capital ....................................................................................................... 15 4 Household livelihood strategies ......................................................................................... 17 4.1 Crop production and marketing.................................................................................................... 17 4.2 Livestock production ...................................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Income and expenditure profiles of households ........................................................................ 20 4.4 Outlook of livelihoods .................................................................................................................... 21 5 Technology use in crop production ................................................................................... 24 6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 27 References .................................................................................................................................... 28 iv Tables Table 1: Surveyed villages and sub-counties from Nakasongola and Soroti Districts .................................... 3 Table 2: Agro-ecological description of survey districts ...................................................................................... 5 Table 3: Principal component analysis results (using standardized values of variables) ................................. 7 Table 4: Summary statistics for variables entering the computation of first principal component .............. 8 Table 5: Distribution of households over wealth categories by district and gender of household head ..... 9 Table 6: Descriptive demographic statistics of sample households in the study districts .............................. 9 Table 7: Use of family labour in major field operations in the study districts ............................................... 10 Table 8: Household labour force availability by district and gender of the household head ....................... 10 Table 9: Land use by farm households in the study districts ............................................................................ 12 Table 10: Farm size classes by gender and district ............................................................................................. 12 Table 11: Factors influencing farm size in the study districts ........................................................................... 12 Table 12: Types of dwellings used by households in the study districts ......................................................... 13 Table 13: Durable physical asset ownership in study districts .......................................................................... 13 Table 14: Credit sources for farm households in the study districts ............................................................... 15 Table 15: Farmer organization membership and extension in the study districts ......................................... 15 Table 16: Institutional support to farm households in the study districts ...................................................... 16 Table 17: Farmer access to field demonstrations in the study districts ..........................................................