Klickitat Basin (WRIA 30) Watershed Management Plan Prepared for: WRIA 30 Watershed Planning Unit Prepared by: Watershed Professionals Network and Aspect Consulting Funded by Washington Department of Ecology Watershed Planning Grant No. G0000104 May 3, 2005 Klickitat River Basin Watershed Management Plan Klickitat River Basin (WRIA 30) Watershed Management Plan Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......................................................... 1 1.1 Legal framework.................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Vision for Water Resources ................................................................................. 2 1.3 Planning Unit Organization................................................................................. 2 1.4 Scope (water quantity, quality, and habitat) ........................................................ 3 1.5 Planning Area....................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Approach.............................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Watershed Management Plan Limitations ........................................................... 7 1.8 Plan Approval and Amendment Process.............................................................. 8 1.9 Organization of Plan Document........................................................................... 9 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ................................................................................ 11 2.1 Physical Setting.................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Population and Economy ................................................................................... 13 2.3 Land Use ............................................................................................................ 13 2.4 Surface Water Resources ................................................................................... 14 2.5 Ground Water Resources ................................................................................... 14 2.5.1 Major Aquifers.......................................................................................... 15 2.5.2 Ground water Recharge............................................................................ 17 2.6 Hydraulic Continuity of Surface and Ground Water Sources ........................... 17 2.7 Water Rights, Water Use, Future Demand, and Water Available for Allocation.. …………………………………………………………………………………19 2.7.1 Water Rights, Claims, and Applications ................................................... 19 2.7.2 Water Use.................................................................................................. 21 2.7.3 Future Demand......................................................................................... 21 2.7.4 Water Available for Allocation ................................................................. 22 2.8 Water Quality..................................................................................................... 23 2.8.1 Surface Water............................................................................................ 23 2.8.2 Ground Water ........................................................................................... 26 2.9 Fish Habitat........................................................................................................ 26 2.9.1 Fish Populations ....................................................................................... 26 2.9.2 Fish Passage ............................................................................................. 28 2.9.3 Habitat Conditions.................................................................................... 29 3.0 OVERVIEW OF IDENTIFIED DATA GAPS................................................. 31 3.1 Water Quantity................................................................................................... 31 3.2 Water Quality..................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Fish Habitat........................................................................................................ 32 4.0 OVERALL MANAGEMENT OF PLAN ......................................................... 35 Table of Contents i May 3, 2005 Klickitat River Basin Watershed Management Plan 4.1 Plan Overview.................................................................................................... 35 4.2 Constraints ......................................................................................................... 35 4.2.1 Project Cost Efficiency.............................................................................. 35 4.2.2 Quality Assurance and Reporting............................................................. 35 4.2.3 Funding..................................................................................................... 36 4.2.4 Applicable Law ......................................................................................... 36 5.0 WATER QUANTITY MANAGEMENT.......................................................... 37 5.1 Current and Future Water Demand in WRIA 30 ............................................... 38 5.1.1 Background............................................................................................... 38 5.1.2 Assumptions and Constraints.................................................................... 44 5.1.3 General Approach..................................................................................... 44 5.1.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 56 5.1.5 Discussion ................................................................................................. 58 5.2 Climate Fluctuation and Water Availability...................................................... 59 5.2.1 Background:.............................................................................................. 59 5.2.2 Assumptions and Constraints.................................................................... 60 5.2.3 Approach................................................................................................... 60 5.2.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 62 5.3 Summer Stream Flow in the Little Klickitat River............................................ 63 5.3.1 Background............................................................................................... 63 5.3.2 Assumptions and Constraints.................................................................... 64 5.3.3 Approach................................................................................................... 64 5.3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................. 65 5.4 Management of Actions addressing Water Quantity......................................... 65 5.4.1 Action Items............................................................................................... 66 5.4.2 Management Options................................................................................ 67 5.4.3 Funding..................................................................................................... 71 6.0 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT............................................................. 75 6.1 Little Klickitat River Temperature..................................................................... 76 6.1.1 Background............................................................................................... 76 6.1.2 Assumptions and Constraints: .................................................................. 82 6.1.3 Approaches................................................................................................ 82 6.1.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 88 6.2 Nitrates in Ground water.................................................................................... 89 6.2.1 Background............................................................................................... 89 6.2.2 Assumptions and Constraints.................................................................... 91 6.2.3 Approaches................................................................................................ 91 6.2.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 93 6.2.5 Discussion ................................................................................................. 93 6.3 Swale Creek Temperature.................................................................................. 93 6.3.1 Background............................................................................................... 94 6.3.2 Assumptions and Constraints.................................................................... 96 6.3.3 Approaches for Addressing the Swale Creek Temperature Issue............. 96 6.3.4 Monitoring ................................................................................................ 97 Table of Contents ii May 3, 2005 Klickitat River Basin Watershed Management Plan 6.3.5 Discussion ................................................................................................. 98 6.4 Elevated Fecal Coliform