Bridges Stockholm 2018 Mathematics | Art | Music | Architecture | Education | Culture 2018 Conference Proceedings Editors Program Chairs Eve Torrence Bruce Torrence Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics Randolph-Macon College Randolph-Macon College Ashland, Virginia, USA Ashland, Virginia, USA Short Papers Chair Workshop Papers Chair Carlo H. Séquin Kristóf Fenyvesi Computer Science Division Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies University of California University of Jyväskylä Berkeley, USA Jyväskylä, Finland Production Chair Craig S. Kaplan Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Bridges Stockholm 2018 Conference Proceedings (www.bridgesmathart.org). All rights reserved. General permission is granted to the public for non-commercial reproduction, in limited quantities, of individual articles, provided authorization is obtained from individual authors and a complete reference is given for the source. All copyrights and responsibilities for individual articles in the 2018 Conference Proceedings remain under the control of the original authors. ISBN: 978-1-938664-27-4 ISSN: 1099-6702 Published by Tessellations Publishing, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (© 2018 Tessellations) Distributed by MathArtFun.com (mathartfun.com). Cover design: Margaret Kepner, Washington, DC, USA Bridges Organization Board of Directors Kristóf Fenyvesi George W. Hart Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies Stony Brook University University of Jyväskylä, Finland New York, USA Craig S. Kaplan Carlo H. Séquin Cheriton School of Computer Science Computer Science Division University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada University of California, Berkeley, USA Sujan Shrestha Eve Torrence Science, Information Arts & Technologies Department of Mathematics Division Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, USA University of Baltimore, Maryland, USA Artistic and Scientific Committee Members and Coordinators Steve Abbott Robert Fathauer Department of Mathematics Tessellations Middlebury College, Vermont, USA Phoenix, Arizona, USA Theater Event Art Exhibition Kristóf Fenyvesi Susan Gerofsky Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies University of British Columbia University of Jyväskylä, Finland Vancouver, Canada Family Day Theater Event Sarah Glaz Tiffany Inglis University of Connecticut D2L Storrs, Connecticut, USA Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Poetry Reading Technical Support Katie McCallum Nathan Selikoff University of Brighton Digital Awakening Studios Brighton, England, UK Orlando, Florida, USA Art Exhibition Technical Support Bianca Violet IMAGINARY Berlin, Germany Short Film Festival Conference Organization The Managing Board of the National Museum of Science and Technology Peter Skogh, Museum Director Stockholm, Sweden Mariana Back Annika Brantingson Curator Coordinator Conferences/Events National Museum of Science and Technology National Museum of Science and Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Lars Paulsson Linda Sandberg Curator Program Manager National Museum of Science and Technology National Museum of Science and Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Cecilia Sommer Host Manager National Museum of Science and Technology Stockholm, Sweden Katrin Amberntsson Annika Callen Björn Camitz Strategic program coordinator Museum & Bridges Conference host Technician The National Museums of World Culture/ National Museum of Science and National Museum of Science and Ethnographic, Stockholm, Sweden Technology Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Christopher Einarsson Christopher Eliasson Karolina Furtenbach Museum Educator Educator Communicator National Museum of Science and Police Museum National Museum of Science and Technology Stockholm, Sweden Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Annika Gooch Sara Grane Lina Granér Program director Conference Coordinator Museum Host, Maritime Museum Museum of Performing Arts The National Museums of World Culture/ Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Ethnographic, Stockholm, Sweden Kristina Hogvall Britta Isaksson-Bergholm Marko Klemetti Event Coordinator Museum Educator Maintenance Manager National Museum of Science and National Museum of Science and National Museum of Science and Technology Technology Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Cecilia Kozma Kicki Miles Josefina Nilsson Head of House of Science Web-manager Communicator Royal Institute of Technology National Museum of Science and National Museum of Science and Stockholm University, Sweden Technology Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Dan Nordström Peter Nyström Maria Olsson Technician National Center of Mathematic Project leader/ Accessibility advisor National Museum of Science and Education (NMC) National Museum of Science and Technology University of Gothenburg Technology Stockholm, Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Gunilla Stillström Anders Wallenthin Curator Museum & Bridges Conference host National Sports Museum National Museum of Science and Stockholm, Sweden Technology Stockholm, Sweden National Museum of Science and Technology Bridges Advisory Committee Cissi Askwall Tom Callen Science for All Nordic4DFrame Stockholm, Sweden Vaxholm, Sweden Betsy Devine Lena Gumaelius Nobel Center Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm University, Sweden Annika Hedås Falk Ann-Catherine Fröjdå Nobel Center National Travelling Theater Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm City, Sweden Anki Hellberg Elisabeth Söder ArtsAdventure Media Center Helsinki, Finland Stockholm City, Sweden Mikal Vejdemo-Johnsson Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Proceedings Program Committee Steve Abbott Abdalla G. M. Ahmed Mara Alagic Middlebury College Khartoum, Sudan Wichita State University Vermont, USA Kansas, USA Ellie Baker Debra K. Borkovitz Robert Bosch Lexington, Massachusetts, USA Wheelock College Oberlin College Boston, Massachusetts, USA Ohio, USA Christopher Brownell Doug Burkholder Christopher Carlson Fresno Pacific University Lenoir-Rhyne University Wolfram Research California, USA Hickory, North Carolina, USA Champaign, Illinois, USA David Chappell Andrew Cooper Kelly Delp University of La Verne North Carolina State University Cornell University California, USA Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Ithaca, New York, USA Erik D. Demaine Martin Demaine Neil Dodgson Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Victoria University of Wellington Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA New Zealand Carol Dorf Mircea Draghicescu Doug Dunham Berkeley High School ITSPHUN LLC University of Minnesota California, USA Portland, Oregon, USA Duluth, USA Frank Farris Robert Fathauer Kristóf Fenyvesi Santa Clara University Tessellations University of Jyväskylä California, USA Phoenix, Arizona, USA Finland James Forren Paul Gailiunas Susan Gerofsky Dalhousie University Newcastle, England University of British Columbia Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Vancouver, Canada Sarah Glaz Susan Goldstine Chaim Goodman-Stauss The University of Connecticut St. Mary's College of Maryland University of Arkansas Storrs, Connecticut, USA Maryland, USA Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA Gary Greenfield Emily Grosholz George Hart University of Richmond Pennsylvania State University Stony Brook University Virginia, USA University Park, Pennsylvania, USA New York, USA Andrea Hawksley Elisabeth Heathfield Judy Holdener eleVR, HARC, YCR Bluewater District School Board Kenyon College San Francisco, California, USA Ontario, Canada Ohio, USA Patrick Honner Tiffany Inglis Veronika Irvine Brooklyn Technical High School D2L University of Waterloo New York City, NY, USA Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Ontario, Canada Craig S. Kaplan Karl Kattchee Eva Knoll Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Wisconsin Mount Saint Vincent University University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada La Crosse, USA Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Darci Kracht Zsolt Lavicza Kirsi Peltonen Kent State University Johannes Kepler University Aalto University Ohio, USA Linz, Austria Helsinki, Finland Peter J. Lu Penousal Machado Alice Major Harvard University University of Coimbra Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Portugal Vincent J. Matsko Elisabetta Matsumoto Dan May Educational Consultant Georgia Institute of Technology Black Hills State University San Francisco, California, USA Atlanta, Georgia, USA Spearfish, South Dakota, USA Doug McKenna Kerry Mitchell Mike Naylor Mathemaesthetics, Inc. Phoenix, Arizona, USA Matematikkbølgen Boulder, Colorado, USA Math Creativity and Competency Center Vanvikan, Norway Doug Norton Osmo Pekonen Rinus Roelofs Villanova University University of Jyväskylä Hengelo, The Netherlands Pennsylvania, USA Finland Radmila Sazdanovic Karl Schaffer Henry Segerman North Carolina State University De Anza College and MoveSpeakSpin Oklahoma State University Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Scotts Valley, California Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA Carlo H. Séquin Sujan Shrestha Donald Spector University of California, Berkeley University of Baltimore Hobart & William Smith Colleges USA Maryland, USA Geneva, New York, USA Stacy Speyer David Swart John Sullivan Cubes and Things Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Technische Universität Berlin Alameda, California, USA Berlin, Germany Felicia Tabing Briony Thomas Bruce Torrence University of Southern California University of Leeds Randolph-Macon College Los Angeles, California, USA England Ashland, Virginia, USA Eve Torrence Godfried Toussaint Tom Verhoeff Randolph-Macon College New York University