Africa and the First World War: 1900-1930 Conditions, Development and Consequences A Bibliography Oliver Schulten Wuppertal, January 2018 1 Introduction I compiled this bibliography to give a wide range of information on the topic of “Africa in the First World War”. Because of the grand quantity of material referring to this subject this list doesn't claim to be complete. This bibliography records publications of the following emphasis: The colonial society in Africa before, during and after the First World War (economy, politics, society c. 1900-1930) The war in the German Colonies (Namibia, Cameroon, Togo, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi) The war and its consequences in the other African countries (from Algeria to Zimbabwe) Africa in Europe (the employment of African soldiers and workers in Europe, Rhineland- Occupation) The colonial armies (German Schutztruppen, King’s African Rifles, Force Publique, Tirailleurs Sénégalais, Nigerian-Regiment, Gold Coast-Regiment, Rhodesian Regiment etc.) The forced recruitment of slaves by the colonial powers for military service and carriers. Resistance and rebellion against war, forced labour and recruitment. (e.g.: Makonde; Nyabingi) The role of religious movements and missions (e.g.: White Fathers, Senussi) The role of women during war time (a frequently neglected topic) The consequences of the war (famines, devastations, victims, Spanish Flu) Further conquests of the colonial powers during the war. (e.g.: Darfur) Africa after the Treaty of Versailles (the new partition of the continent and the mandate system) Formation of African political organisations, unionizations and nationalism (e.g.: Pan- African-Movement) Finally selected Works about Africa and the Second World War. 2 A Aarim, N.: Coloured Soldiers and Racial Formation in the Great War: French Racial Attitudes toward American Negro Troops and Algerian Tirailleurs. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 28. 2002. Aas, N.: Der Krieg in Deutsch-Ostafrika und seine Folgen für Heinrich Langkopp. In: Bayreuth African Studies 28. 1997. Abadie, M.: La défense des colonies. Paris 1937. Abanime, E.P.: The Image of the White Man in African Francophone Literature: The Case of the German in Pre-World War I Cameroon. In: Africa 40/2, 303-313. 1985. Abba, S.; Atteba Ossende: The Great War Sepultures in Cameroon, a heritage questioned. In: Paper presented at the Conference: The Great War in Africa. Lissabon, July 2014. Abbott, P.: Armies in East Africa, 1914-1918. Osprey 2002. Colonial Armies in Africa, 1850-1918. Nottingham 2005. Abdal, O.: Le Maghreb et la Grande Guerre. In: Jouffret, J.: Le Armes et la Togo, 623-631. Montpellier 1997. Abdallah, I.: Rethinking the Freetown Crowd: The Moral Economy of the 1919 Freetown Strikes and Riots. In: Canadian Journal of African Studies 28/2, 197-218. 1994. Abdel-Hameed, A.A.: The Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories in Khartoum, 1903-1934. In: Medical History 41/1, 30-58. 1997. 3 Abdel Rahim, M.: Early Sudanese Nationalism, 1900-1938. In: Sudan Notes and Records 47. 1966. Abdin, H.: Early Sudanese Nationalism, 1919-1925. Khartoum 1985. Abecassis, F.; et al.: A Grande Guerra em Mocambique. Lisbon 2014. Abiem, M.: Dinka responses to early British Colonial Rule, 1900-1922. University of London 1976. Aboagye, F.: The Ghana Army, 1897-1999. Accra 1999. Abs, J.: Der Kampf um unsere Schutzgebiete. Düsseldorf 1928. Abwa, D.: The French administration system in the lamidate of Ngaoundéré, 1915-1945. In: Njeuma, M.: Introduction to the History of Cameroon in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century’s, 137-169. London 1989. Aby Demissie: Lij Iyassu: A Perspective Study of his short reign. Haile Selassie I University, Addis Ababa 1964. Achilles, A.: Erinnerungen aus meiner Kriegsgefangenschaft, 1914-1920. n.p. 1977. Acquaviva, S.: L’avvenire coloniale d’Italia e la Guerra. Rom 1917. Adams, C.: The African Colonies and the German War. In: Geographical Review 1/6, 452-454. 1916. Adas, M.: Comparative History and the Colonial Encounter: The Great War and the Crisis of the British Empire. In: Itinerario 14/2, 35-57. 1990. 4 Contested Hegemony: The Great War and the Afro-Asian Assault on the Civilizing Mission Ideology. In: Journal of World History, 31-63. 2004. Addo-Fening, R.; et al.: Akyem Abuakwa and the Politics of the Inter-War Period in Ghana. Basel 1975. Adedeji, J.A.: The Church and the Emergence of the Nigerian Theatre, 1914-1945. In: Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 6/4, 387-396. 1973. Adekson, J.B.: Ethnicity and Army Recruitment in Colonial Plural Societies. In: Ethnic and Racial Studies 2/2, 151-165. 1979. Adewoye, O.: The Judicial Agreements in Yorubaland, 1904-1908. In: Journal of African History 12/4, 607- 627. 1971. Adgie, K.: Askaris, Asymmetry and Small Wars: Operational Art and the German East African Campaign, 1914-1918. Fort Leavenworth 2001. Adhikari, M.: Political Satire in the Press: Language, Politics and Popular Culture in Cape Town, 1909- 1922. Pretoria / Cape Town 1996. Adi, H.: Pan-Africanism and Communism: The Communist International, Africa and the Diaspora, 1919-1939. Trenton 2013. Adler, F.; et al.: The South African Artillery in German East Africa and Palestine, 1915-1919. Pretoria 1958. Afigbo, A.: H.R. Palmer and Indirect Rule in Eastern Nigeria, 1915-1928. In: Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 3/2. 1965. Revolution and Reaction in Eastern Nigeria, 1900-1929: The Background of the Women’s Riot of 1929. In: Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 3/3. 1966. The Eclipse of the Aro Slaving Oligarchy of South-eastern Nigeria, 1901-1927. In: Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 4. 1971. 5 The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in South-eastern Nigeria, 1891-1929. London 1972. The Establishment of Colonial Rule, 1900-1918. In: Ajayi, J.; Crowder, M.: History of West Africa, Vol. 2; 424-483. New York 1973. Indirect Rule in South-eastern Nigeria: The Era of Warrant Chiefs, 1891-1929. In: Tarikh 4/4, 11-24. 1974. Herbert Palmer and Indirect Rule in Eastern Nigeria 1915-1918. In: Falola, T.: Nigerian History, Politics and Affairs. Trenton 2005. The Abolition of the Slave Trade in South-eastern Nigeria, 1885-1950. P.: 66-67: The First World War. Rochester 2006. Afolayan, F.: African Nationalism, 1914-1939. In: Falola, T.: Africa. Volume II: Colonial Africa, 1885- 1939, P.: 281-312. Durham 2002. Afonso, A.: Grande Guerra: Angola, Mocambique e Flandres. Guerras e campanhas militares da historia de Portugal. Matosinhos 2008. Ageron, C.-R.: Une politique algérienne libérale sous la IIe République, 1912-1919. In: Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 121-151. 1959. Les Algériens Musulmans et la France, 1871-1919. 2 Bde. P.: 1025-1036; 1139-1225. Paris 1968. La politique berbère du Protectorat Marocain de 1913 à 1934. In: Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 28, 50-90. 1971. L’idée d’Eurafrique et le débat colonial franco-allemand de l’entre-deux-guerres. In: Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine 22/3, 446-475. 1975. Les troubles insurrectionnels du Sud-Constantinois, novembre 1916- janvier 1917. In: Al Acala 62/63, 8-38. 1978. Histoire de l’Algérie contemporaine. Tome 2. P.: 254-278: L’Algérie pendant la guerre de 1914-1918 et les réformes de 1918-1919. Paris 1979. La pétition de l’émir Khâled au Président Wilson, mai 1919. In: Revue d’Histoire Maghrébine 19/20. 1980. 6 Agstner, R.: Lij Iyasu, the Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Honorary Consul in Addis Ababa and the Cannon Deal of 1914. In: Ficquet, E.; Smidt, W.: The Life and Times of Lij Iyasu of Ethiopia, 115-130. Münster / Wien 2014. Ahmad Alawad Sikainga: Slaves into Workers: Emancipation and Labour in Colonial Sudan. P.: 36-94: Slavery and Labour in the Sudan: 1898-1919. University of Texas 1996 / 2014. Ahire, P.: Imperial Policing: The Emergence and Role of the Police in Colonial Nigeria, 1860-1960. London 1991. Aicardi de Saint-Paul, M.: Gabon: The Development of a Nation. P.: 14-15: The World Wars and their Consequences for Gabon. London / New York 1989. Aitken, R.; Rosenhaft, E.: Black Germany. P.: 67-68; 183-184; 264-265. Cambridge 2013. Aiyar, S.: Empire, Race and Indians in Colonial Kenya’s Contested Public Political Sphere, 1919-1923. In: Africa 81/1, 132-154. 2011. Indians in Kenya. P.: 59-65. Harvard 2015. Ajalbert, J.: Le Maroc sans les boches. Paris 1917. Ajayi, J.; Crowder, M.: History of West Africa. Volume 2, Chapters 12-16. New York 1973. Aka, E.: A comparative historical study of the factors which impeded the development of post primary education in Cameroon, 1844-1922, and in the southern Cameroons during the inter-war years. Glasgow 1982. Akingbade, H.: Liberia and the First World War 1914-1926. In: Current Bibliography of African Affairs 10/3, 243-258. 1977-1978. 7 Akinyeye, Y.: The Air Factor in West Africa’s Colonial Defence, 1920-1945. In: Itinerario 25/1, 9-24. 2001. Akpan, M.B.: Liberia and the UNIA. In: Journal of African History 14/1, 105-127. 1973. Ethiopia and Liberia, 1914-1935. In: General History of Africa, Volume 7: Africa under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935, 712-745. UNESCO 1985. Akurang-Parry, K.: Africa and World War I. In: Falola, T.: Africa. Volume II: Colonial Africa, 1885-1939, P.: 53-70. Durham 2002. Untold Difficulties: The Indigenous Press and the Economic Effects of the First World War on Africans in the Gold Coast, 1914-1918. In: African Economic History 34, 45-68. 2006a. The African Intelligentsia and the effects of British indirect rule in the Gold Coast, 1912- 1920. In: Journal of Regional and Local Studies 2/1, 43-65. 2006b. African Agency and Cultural Initiatives in the British Imperial Military and Labour Recruitment drives in the Gold Coast during the First World War.