MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT REPUBLIC OF UGANDA THE PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT FOR THE PROJECT FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY PHASE III IN LAKE KYOGA BASIN, EASTERN UGANDA IN THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA MARCH 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION TEC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. GE JR 17-013 MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT REPUBLIC OF UGANDA THE PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT FOR THE PROJECT FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY PHASE III IN LAKE KYOGA BASIN, EASTERN UGANDA IN THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA MARCH 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION TEC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. Summary 1. Country Profile (1) Land and Natural Conditions The Republic of Uganda (hereinafter referred to as “Uganda”) is the inland country with the population of 36.86 million (in 2016) located in north of the African continent. The land area is measured to be only 197,000 km2 out of the whole area of 241,000 km2, because the water surface areas of lakes such as Lake Victoria accounts for much. The target sites of the Project for Rural Water Supply Phase III in Lake Kyoga Basin, Eastern Uganda in the Republic of Uganda (herein after refer to as “the Project” are geographically located in the east part of Uganda, and studded in Serere, Pallisa, Kibuku, Iganga and Luuka Districts. The terrain is roughly flat and the elevation changes from 1,080m to 1,130m, and declines from east to west. The rivers are meandering due to the flatness and often accompany wetlands. The geology consists of Granites (Granite, Granodiorite, and Gneiss) or Schist produced during Precambrian or Paleozoic Cambrian period. The climate of the southern part of Lake Kyoga basin is classified as tropical monsoon climate, while the other part of the basin is classified as savannah climate. It is hot and windy throughout the year. In southern part of Lake Kyoga basin, there are high rainfalls from April to May and October to November, while low rainfalls from December to January. On the other hand, in the northern part, there are higher rainfalls from March to November than the other months, but the difference is lesser than that in the southern part. (2) Socio-Economics After the independence, frequent civil wars led to economic turmoil until late 1980s, while after 1987 Uganda came to be one of the highest-growth countries in the Sub-Saharan African countries with its macro-economy stabled by promoting strong structural adjustments in the supports of World Bank and IMF (International Monetary Fund). Uganda recorded the average annual growth rate of 6% in 1990s and kept the rate of 5 - 7% in the recent years. The government of Uganda announced the National Development Plan (hereinafter referred to as “NDP”) on April 2010 aiming at economic growth and job creation, put it into practice from fiscal year 2010/20111. And the government revised it as NDP II and is putting it into practice from 2015/16. The Uganda economy has been keeping its stability since 2008, regardless of increasing inflation ratio due to the rise in international foods and oil prices as well as the influence of international economic recession. The GDP (Gross Domestic Products) of Uganda amounts to US$24.3 billion, and the GDP per capita US$725 (2016, calculated from the Statistical Abstract, Uganda Bureau of Statistics). The GDP composition of industrial structure is; primary: 23.5%, secondary: 19.8% and tertiary: 48.8%. Major export items are coffee, tea, oil and oil products, fish and fish products, nonmetallic minerals, iron ore and cigarette, and major import items are oil and oil products, vehicle, electric and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, and medicine. 1 Expression of Ugandan fiscal year; 2010/11 expresses a period July 2010 to June 2011. S - 1 2. Background, Progression and Outline of the Project (1) Overall Goal Uganda has been implementing the Second National Development Plan (2015 / 16 - 2019 / 20) (NDP II), following the National Development Plan (2010 / 11 - 2014 / 15) (NDP). The theme of the plan is "Strengthening Uganda’s Competitiveness for Sustainable Wealth Creation, Employment and Inclusive Growth", and it aims to achieve middle income status by 2020. Under this policy, the rural water supply sector is aiming to improve the rural water supply coverage as a development indicator from 65% (2012/13) to 79% (2019/20). In addition, in a Rural Growth Centre2 (RGC) where the population is concentrated in rural area as a trading center, water qualities of even their boreholes equipped with hand pumps are being concerned about getting pollution. The Government of Ugandan formulated "Long-term Strategy for Investment Planning, Implementation and Operation & Maintenance of Water Supply and Sanitation in Rural Growth Centres, 2005" (RGC strategy), and is promoting for RGCs to use piped water supply systems instead of hand pump wells to cope with this issue. (2) Current Condition and Challenges The target sites of the Project are located in five (5) districts, namely, Serere, Pallisa, Kibuku, Iganga and Luuka in the eastern part of Uganda. These districts originally composed of three (3) districts; those are Soroti, Pallisa and Iganga. The each district was divided to two (2) districts under Uganda’s decentralization policy. The decentralization has resulted in lack of human resources in the relevant divided districts, and their administrative functions have become weak. The water sector in Uganda also is not the exception in this point so that the existing water supply facilities are not as well maintained as expected. In addition, an area with high population such as RGCs, even though it is located in rural area, has following issues ・ Due to the large number of users of the same water source, the water fetching time has been prolonged, and this hinders women’s social advancement and the improvement of literacy rate of women and children who are the main actors of the labor and ・ Contamination of groundwater sources is progressing in some areas. The contamination is beginning to threaten the health of villagers lived in the areas. Therefore, construction of new piped water supply facilities with safe water sources is sought as a counter measure against these issues. (3) Background and Outline of the Project In Uganda, the urban water supply coverage is high as 75%, but the rural water supply coverage is still remaining low as 64% in spite of its large population lived in rural area, which reaches about 82% of the total population in 2010. In addition, the difference in the water supply coverage among district is also remarkable in the rural areas. Lake Kyoga basin occupy around 25% of the total land area and 30% of the total population of Uganda, however, the average water supply coverage is only around 57% and lower than that of 2 A RGC is a kind of trading centre with population from 500 to 5,000 which generated spontaneously around crossing of main roads or along main roads in rural area. S - 2 total rural areas (65%). At the same time, rural areas have population concentrated parts called RGCs those have a lot of public facilities and commercial/industrial facilities. The water supply coverage of these RGCs is 10% to 40% lower than that of the other rural parts according to the result of the development study. Therefore, improvement of water supply coverage in such RGCs through construction of piped water supply facilities has been required in order to improve total water supply coverage in rural areas. To improve such condition, in September 2011, the government of Uganda requested to the government of Japan for the grant for construction of the piped water supply facilities in such prioritized RGCs in selected six (6) districts as the results of “The Development Study on Water Resources Development and Management for Lake Kyoga Basin in the Republic of Uganda”. The contents of the request are shown in below. a) Construction of piped water supply facilities (20 sites). b) Technical support for establishment of sustainable O&M systems of the constructed piped water supply facilities above mentioned (Soft component). c) Procurement of vehicles, computers, GPS, mobile water quality kits, etc. Based on the background, the government of Japan determined the implementation of this preparatory survey on the premise of applying Japan's Grant Aid. 3. Summary of the Survey Results and Contents of the Project Response to the decision above mentioned, Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as "JICA") dispatched the survey team to Uganda twice during the period from May 2015 to May 2016. Since nearly five years have passed from the request, the team reviewed the requested contents from the points of views on duplication of donor assistance, relevance of the requested contents, appropriate project components as Japan's Grant Aid project, and so on. And finally the team conducted an outline design of piped water supply facilities at nine (9) sites including soft component (technical assistance) plan for operation and maintenance of the facilities to be constructed in the Project, and project cost estimation. In November 2016, JICA dispatched the team to Uganda for explanation of the draft outline design and the Project cost. The team had a series of discussion with the organizations concerned, specifically, the Directorate of Water Development (DWD) in the Ministry of Water and Environment (MOWE), Republic of Uganda. As a result, both sides agreed on the contents of the outline design of the Project and the obligations of both countries. (1) Facility Plan The latest proposed outline design and the facilities plan are shown in below tables. The source water of each target site is groundwater, and the water qualities have fulfilled drinking water quality standard (Uganda Standard Potable Water - Specification, 2014) in Uganda.