JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, MALAYSIA THE STUDY ON THE SAFE CLOSURE AND REHABILITATION OF LANDFILL SITES IN MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT Volume 3 Guideline for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites NOVEMBER 2004 YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. EX CORPORATION The Final Report of “The Study on The Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of Landfill Sites in Malaysia” is composed of seven Volumes as shown below: Volume 1 Summary Volume 2 Main Report Volume 3 Guideline for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites Volume 4 Pilot Projects on Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of Landfill Sites Volume 5 Technical Guideline for Sanitary Landfill, Design and Operation (Revised Draft, 2004) Volume 6 User Manual of LACMIS (Landfill Closure Management Information System) Volume 7 Data Book This Report is “Volume 3 Guideline for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites”. Guideline for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites (Draft) Part I : General Part II : Technical Requirements Appendices Ministry of Housing and Local Government MALAYSIA GUIDELINE FOR SAFE CLOSURE AND REHABILITATION OF MSW LANDFILL SITES CONTENTS Contents Abbreviations Part I General..................................................................................................................I-1 I-1 Purpose of the Guideline·····························································································I-1 I-2 Scope of the Guideline································································································I-2 I-3 Definitions of Terms····································································································I-2 I-4 Related Regulations and Legislations ·········································································I-3 I-5 Basic Concept of the Guideline···················································································I-4 I-5.1 “Safe Closure” ································································································I-4 I-5.2 “Post-closure Land Use”·················································································I-5 I-5.3 Legal Framework of Landfill Safe Closure·····················································I-6 I-5.4 Roles of Stakeholders ·····················································································I-6 I-5.5 Landfill Registration System and Record Management··································I-9 I-5.6 Financial Resources and Funding ···································································I-9 I-6 Process of Landfill Safe Closure···············································································I-10 I-7 Human Resources Development ···············································································I-10 Part II Technical Requirements ................................................................................. II-1 II-1 Technical Requirements for Safe Closure of Landfill Sites ····································· II-1 II-2 Determination of Priority and Safe Closure Level··················································· II-1 II-2.1 Priority of Landfill Sites for Safe Closure ·····················································II-2 II-2.2 Closure Level Applied for the Landfill Sites ·················································II-2 II-3 Site Survey for Evaluation and Design ···································································· II-4 II-4 Requirements of Safe Closure ················································································· II-4 II-4.1 Requirements of Physical Closure ·································································II-5 II-4.2 Requirement of Post Closure Management····················································II-6 II-5 Safe Closure Plan··································································································· II-10 II-6 Post-closure Land Use ··························································································· II-10 II-6.1 Required Counter Measures·········································································II-11 II-6.2 Post-closure Land Use Plan ·········································································II-13 II-7 Social Considerations on Closure of Landfills······················································· II-13 Appendices .................................................................................................................... App-1 Appendix 1: Flowchart on the Landfill Management Activities ································· App-1 Appendix 2: Process of Lanfill Safe Closure······························································ App-2 Appendix 3: Role of Stakeholders for Landfill Safe Closure ····································· App-3 Appendix 4: Organization/Institution for Landfill Safe Closure Management ··········· App-5 Appendix 5: Role of Stakeholders for LACMIS Management ··································· App-7 Appendix 6: Financial Resources and Funding System for Landfill Safe Closure ····· App-9 Appendix 7: Methodology of Classification and Prioritisation of Landfill Sites······ App-11 Appendix 8: Methodology for Closure Level Set-up of Landfill Sites ····················· App-14 Appendix 9: Required Facilities for Each Safe Closure Level ································· App-16 Appendix 10: Semi-aerobic Landfill System···························································· App-29 Appendix 11: Indicators for Stabilization of Closed Landfill Sites ·························· App-35 Appendix 12: Stabilisation Process of Landfill Site (Old Sites in Japan)················· App-37 Appendix 13: Maintenance of Landfill Facilities ····················································· App-41 Appendix 14: Environmental Monitoring································································· App-45 Appendix 15: Indicators for Risk of Post-closure Land Use····································· App-57 Appendix 16: Type of Development for Post-closure Land Use······························· App-61 Appendix 17: Receptor of Landfill Closure for Social Consideration ······················ App-63 Appendix 18: Questionnaire on the Landfill Condition············································ App-65 Appendix 19: List of Landfill Sites Covered by the JICA Study ······························ App-68 Appendix 20: Hazard Experiences Caused by the Landfill Sites in Several Countries······················································································· App-73 Appendix 21: Case Example of Landfill Safe Closure & Post-Closure Land Use···· App-75 Appendix 22: Case Examples of Problems Associated with the Post-Closure Landfill Sites ················································································ App-83 Appendix 23: Sanitary Landfill System and Levels·················································· App-89 Appendix 24: Referred Standards/Guidelines··························································· App-89 List of Tables Table I-5.1 Parameters to Measure the Landfill Stabilization....................................I-4 Table II-2.1 Grouping of Landfill Sites for Safe Closure Priority ............................II-2 Table II-2.2 Closure Levels and Required Measures/Facilities.................................II-3 Table II-2.3 Relationship between Landfill Closure Priority and Safe Closure LevelII-3 Table II-3.1 Survey Items for the Site Assessment ...................................................II-4 Table II-4.1 Summary of maintenance items ............................................................II-8 Table II-4.2 Summary of Monitoring Items ..............................................................II-9 Table II-6.1 Safety Control Items ...........................................................................II-11 Table II-6.2 Environmental Control Items ..............................................................II-12 ABBREVIATIONS Note: Abbreviations used in this Report BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DO Dissolved Oxygen DOE Department of Environment, Malaysia EC Electric Conductivity EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPU Economic Planning Unit EQA Environmental Quality Act GL Ground Level HDPE High Density Polyethylene JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LA Local Authority LACMIS Landfill Closure Management Information System LGA Local Government Act LGD Local Government Division LSMC Landfill Sites Management Committee MP Majlis Perbandaran (Town Council) MHLG Ministry of Housing & Local Government, Malaysia MLSS Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids MOF Ministry of Finance, Malaysia MOH Ministry of Health, Malaysia MSW Municipal Solid Waste MSWM Municipal Solid Waste Management ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential PC Physical Closure PCM Post-closure Management PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride QC/QA Quality Control/Quality Assurance SC Safe Closure SDBA Street, Drainage and Building Act SS Suspended Solids TCMLS Technical Committee for Management of Landfill Site TOC Total Organic Carbon UPEN Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negri (State Economic Planning Unit) USD Urban Services Department The Study on The Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of Landfill Sites in Malaysia Final Report – Volume 3 Part I GENERAL I-1 Purpose of the Guideline The purpose of the landfill safe closure is as follows. (1) Protecting public health and the environment by proper management of landfill safe closure