The Language of Ramesses: Late Egyptian Grammar François Neveu Translated from the French by Maria Cannata Oxbow Books Oxford & Philadelphia Published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by PublishedOXBOW BOOKSin the United Kingdom in 2015 by OXBOW10 Hythe BridgeBOOKS Street, Oxford OX1 2EW 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW and in the United States by andOXBOW in the BOOKSUnited States by OXBOW908 Darby BOOKS Road, Havertown, PA 19083 908 Darby Road, Havertown, PA 19083 First published as la Langue des Ramsès: Grammaire du néo-égyptien © Éditions Khéops 2010 FirstEnglish published translation as la © Langue Maria Cannatades Ramsès: 2015 Gr ammaire du néo-égyptien © Éditions Khéops 2010 English translation © Maria Cannata 2015 Paperback Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-868-8 PaperbackDigital Edition: Edition: ISBN ISBN 978-1-78297-869-5 978-1-78297-868-8 Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-869-5 A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ALibrary CIP record of Congress for this book Cataloging-in-Publication is available from the British Data Library Neveu,Library François,of Congress author. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neveu, [Grammaire François, du author.néo-égyptien. English] [GrammaireThe language du of néo-égyptien. Ramesses: lateEnglish] Egyptian grammar / François Neveu; translated from the French The language by Maria ofCannata. Ramesses: late Egyptian grammar / François Neveu; translated from the French 1pages1 online onlineby Mariacm resource. resource. Cannata. IncludesIncludes pages index. index.index.cm DescriptionIncludesISBNDescription 978-1-78297-868-8 index. based based on on print print version version record record and and CIP CIP data data provided provided by by publisher; publisher; resource resource not not 1.viewed.viewed. ISBN Egyptian 978-1-78297-868-8 language--Grammar. I. Title. 1. ISBNISBNPJ1135.N4813 Egyptian 978-1-78297-869-5978-1-78297-869-5 language--Grammar. 2015 (epub) (epub) I.-- -- Title.ISBN ISBN 978-1-78297-870-1 978-1-78297-870-1 (prc) (prc) -- --ISBN ISBN 978-1-78297-871-8 978-1-78297-871- (8 pdf) 493'.15--dc23PJ1135.N4813( pdf) -- ISBN-- ISBN 978-1-78297-868-8 2015978-1-78297-868-8 1. 1.Egyptian Egyptian language--Grammar. language--Grammar. I. Title. I. Title. PJ1135493'.15--dc23PJ1135 2015001998 493'.15--dc23493'.15--dc23 2015001998 All rights reserved. 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P. Anastasi III, 5, 4. Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................ XV Aim of the book ................................................................................................................ XV Late Egyptian ................................................................................................................... XV General organisation of the book ..................................................................................... XVI Notes on the transliteration and the passages cited .......................................................... XVI Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................ XVII Translator’s note ................................................................................................................. XVII Bibliographical orientation ............................................................................................... XVIII Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ XIX Part one: Morphology .......................................................................................................... 1 1. Nouns..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Morphology................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Syntax............................................................................................................................ 3 2. Articles .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 The definite article ........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 The indefinite article ..................................................................................................... 5 3. Demonstratives ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 First paradigm ............................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Forms .................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Usage.................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3 Remark.................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Second paradigm........................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Forms .................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.2 Usage .................................................................................................................... 8 4. Possessives........................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Forms .......................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Usage........................................................................................................................... 10 5. Numbers.............................................................................................................................. 12 5.1 Cardinal numbers ........................................................................................................ 12 5.1.1 Number one ........................................................................................................ 12 5.1.2 Number two ........................................................................................................ 12 5.1.3 Numbers 3 to 9.................................................................................................... 12 5.1.4 Numbers from 10 onward ................................................................................... 13 5. 2 Ordinal numbers......................................................................................................... 14 5.2.1 ‘First’.................................................................................................................. 14 5.2.2 From the ‘second’ ............................................................................................... 14 6. The indefinites..................................................................................................................... 16 6.1 nb................................................................................................................................. 16 6.2 ky ................................................................................................................................. 16 6.2.1 Used as adjective................................................................................................. 17 6.2.2 Used as pronoun.................................................................................................. 17 6.3 nkt ................................................................................................................................ 17 7. Personal pronouns .............................................................................................................