Dealing with Female Brain-Drain in Rural Europe

Dealing with Female Brain-Drain in Rural Europe

www.ssoar.info Dealing with female brain-drain in rural Europe: results from the CENTRAL EUROPE project WOMEN Wiest, Karin (Ed.); Glöckner, Rick (Ed.); Leibert, Tim (Ed.); Schaarwächter, Matthias (Ed.); Schmidt, Anika (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerk / collection Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Wiest, K., Glöckner, R., Leibert, T., Schaarwächter, M., & Schmidt, A. (Eds.). (2014). Dealing with female brain-drain in rural Europe: results from the CENTRAL EUROPE project WOMEN (Forum IfL, 26). Leipzig: Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde e.V. (IfL). https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-419067 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. herausgegebenforum vom Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde Heft 26 Karin Wiest, Rick Glöckner, Tim Leibert, Matthias Schaarwächter, Anika Schmidt [Eds.] Dealing with Female Brain-Drain in Rural Europe: Results from the CENTRAL EUROPE Project WOMEN The following contents refer to studies which were conducted in the framework of the WOMEN Project. WOMEN is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Pro­gramme­co-financed­by­the­ERDF­(European­Regional­Development­Fund). Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde Leipzig 2014 Die Reihe forum ifl des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde dient der zeitnahen Publikation von Erkenntnissen aus Forschungsprojekten des IfL, der Dokumentation von Veranstaltungen sowie der Veröffentlichung von aktuellen Datenanalysen auch anderer Forschungseinrichtungen. Ziel ist es, den Austausch unter Fachwissenschaftlern und den Wissenstransfer in die Praxis zu fördern. Die Beiträge werden in einem einfachen, internen Verfahren begutachtet und geben die Ansichten der Autoren wieder, die nicht unbedingt mit denen des IfL gleichzusetzen sind. Impressum Verlag: Selbstverlag Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde e. V. Schongauerstraße 9, 04328 Leipzig Tel.: +49 341 600 55-141 Fax: +49 341 600 55-198 [email protected] www.ifl-leipzig.de Redaktion: Karin Wiest Layout: Anke Hahn, Matthias Schaarwächter, Anika Schmidt, Karin Wiest © 2014 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany. ISBN 978-3-86082-094-0 Dealing with Female Brain-Drain in Rural Europe: Results from the CENTRAL EUROPE Project WOMEN Instead of a Preface: Voices and Impressions from the CENTRAL EUROPE Project WOMEN ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Relevance and Intention of the CENTRAL EUROPE Project WOMEN (Karin Wiest) ..............................................................................................................................8 1.1 Gendered Migration in Rural Europe: Reasons and Consequences ............................................................ 8 1.2 Cross-Sectional and Multilevel Approaches to Counteract Female Brain-Drain ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 The Intention of the Project WOMEN within the Overall European Policy Context ....................................................................................................................................................................13 2 European Territories Affected by Selective Migration: Socio-Economic Structures and the Labour Market for Women in the Study Regions (Rick Glöckner, Tim Leibert & Karin Wiest) ................................................................................................ 15 2.1 State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany: A Shrinking Region in the Middle of Europe ..................................16 2.2 Pomurje Statistical Region, Slovenia: Unfavourable Accessibility in a Cross-Border Triangle ....................................................................................................................................................17 2.3 State of Styria, Austria: The Emergence of a New Rurality? ..........................................................................18 2.4 Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland: An Agricultural Border Region ..................................................................19 2.5 Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland: Between Dynamics and Underdevelopment ..........................................................................................................................................................20 2.6 Southern Transdanubia, Hungary: Structural Changes and Decline..........................................................21 2.7 Different Challenges Related to Female Labour Market Structures within Europe ....................................................................................................................................................................22 3 Selective Migration and Brain-Drain in Rural Regions: Patterns and Explanations (Tim Leibert) ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Why do Young Women Move to Urban Areas? ....................................................................................................27 3.2 Age- and Sex-Selectivity of Out-Migration from Rural Regions: A Life-Course Perspective ..........................................................................................................................................................................30 3.3 Some Final Thoughts ......................................................................................................................................................35 4 Demographic Trends and Developments: The Study Regions in a European Comparison (Tim Leibert) .................................................................................................................................. 36 4.1 A Typology of the Drivers of Regional Population Change .............................................................................37 4.2 A Typology of Regional Population Structure and Development ................................................................42 4.3 The Regional Sex Ratio as an Indicator for Sex-Selective Migration ..........................................................45 4.4 A Typology of Regional Sex-Ratio Patterns ...........................................................................................................47 4.5 Summary: Demographic Weaknesses and Challenges of the Study Regions .........................................51 5 Attempts to Explain the Female Brain-Drain: The View of Regional Experts (Rick Glöckner & Karin Wiest) .......................................................................................................... 53 5.1 Saxony-Anhalt: Restricted Labour Market and Accessibility ........................................................................53 5.2 Pomurje: Deindustrialisation ......................................................................................................................................56 5.3 Styria: Dual structures ...................................................................................................................................................59 5.4 Podlaskie: Remoteness and Changing Lifestyles ................................................................................................61 5.5 Podkarpackie: Conservative Labour Market Structures .................................................................................65 5.6 South-Transdanubia: Low Economic Innovativeness and Traditional Gender Roles .........................68 5.7 Comparative Summary and Conclusions ...............................................................................................................71 6 Strategies against the Female Brain-Drain in Rural

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