Eastern Mediterranean La Revue de Santé de Health Journal la Méditerranée orientale 7PM 4VQQMFNFOU r r ;nüÐØ{_UÐPLÜØnUÐ{dCÐ Contents Letter from the Editor .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S3 Message from the WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean .............................................................................................................................................................S4 1BLJTUBOTėHIUBHBJOTUQPMJPNZFMJUJTJOUSPEVDJOHJOOPWBUJWFTUSBUFHJFTUPBEESFTTDIBMMFOHFTBOEBĨBJOUIFHPBMPGFSBEJDBUJPO N. Abid, O. U. Islam, A. Bosan, T. Iqbal,A. Darwish and K. M. Bile ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................S5 1SFWBMFODFPGIFQBUJUJT#BOE$WJSBMJOGFDUJPOTJO1BLJTUBOėOEJOHTPGBOBUJPOBMTVSWFZBQQFBMJOHGPSFĎFDUJWFQSFWFOUJPO BOEDPOUSPMNFBTVSFT H. Qureshi, K.M. Bile, R. Jooma, S.E. Alam and H.U.R. Afridi ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 4NPLFMFTTUPCBDDPVTFJO1BLJTUBOBOEJUTBTTPDJBUJPOXJUIPSPQIBSZOHFBMDBODFS K.M. Bile, J.A. Shaikh, H.U.R. Afridi and Y. Khan .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 "SFWJFXPG&1*QSPHSFTTJO1BLJTUBOUPXBSETBDIJFWJOHDPWFSBHFUBSHFUTQSFTFOUTJUVBUJPOBOEUIFXBZGPSXBSE Q. Hasan, A.H. Bosan and K.M. Bile ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 .BUFSOBM OFPOBUBMBOEDIJMEIFBMUIJO1BLJTUBOUPXBSETUIF.%(TCZNPWJOHGSPNEFTJSFUPSFBMJUZ A.F. Shadoul, F. Akhtar and K.M. Bile ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S39 5VCFSDVMPTJTDPOUSPMJO1BLJTUBOSFWJFXJOHBEFDBEFPGTVDDFTTBOEDIBMMFOHFT P. Metzger, N.A. Baloch, G.N. Kazi and K.M. Bile .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S47 .BMBSJBDPOUSPMJO1BLJTUBOOFXUPPMTBUIBOECVUDIBMMFOHJOHFQJEFNJPMPHJDBMSFBMJUJFT Q. Kakar, M. A. Khan and K. M. Bile ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S54 $SFBUJOHTZOFSHJFTGPSIFBMUITZTUFNTTUSFOHUIFOJOHUISPVHIQBSUOFSTIJQTJO1BLJTUBOmBDBTFTUVEZPGUIFOBUJPOBMFZF IFBMUIQSPHSBNNF A.A. Khan, N. Khan, K.M. Bile and H. Awan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 &OWJSPONFOUBMIFBMUIOFFETBOEMBVODIJOHPGBOFOWJSPONFOUBMIFBMUIQSPUFDUJPOVOJUJO1BLJTUBO M.Z.A. Khan, B.M. Kazi, K.M. Bile, M. Magan and J.A. Nasir ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 -BVODIJOHUIFėSTUQPTUHSBEVBUFEJQMPNBJONFEJDBMFOUPNPMPHZBOEEJTFBTFWFDUPSDPOUSPMJO1BLJTUBO H.R. Rathor, A. Mnzava, K.M. Bile, A. Hafeez and S. Zaman ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 -FBSOJOHUISPVHIDSJTJTEFWFMPQNFOUBOEJNQMFNFOUBUJPOPGBIFBMUIDMVTUFSTUSBUFHZGPSJOUFSOBMMZEJTQMBDFEQFSTPOT K.M. Bile, A.F. Shadoul, H. Raaijmakers, S. Altaf and K. Shabib ....................................................................................................................................................................................4 4BGFXBUFSTVQQMZJOFNFSHFODJFTBOEUIFOFFEGPSBOFYJUTUSBUFHZUPTVTUBJOIFBMUIHBJOTMFTTPOTMFBSOFEGSPNUIF earthquake in Pakistan M. Magan, M.K. Bile and Z. Gardezi .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 -BSHFTDBMFQIZTJDBMEJTBCJMJUJFTBOEUIFJSNBOBHFNFOUJOUIFBěFSNBUIPGUIFFBSUIRVBLFJO1BLJTUBO M. Mallick, J.K. Aurakzai, K.M. Bile and N. Ahmed ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S98 &TTFOUJBMNFEJDJOFTNBOBHFNFOUEVSJOHFNFSHFODJFTJO1BLJTUBO S.K.S. Bukhari, J.A.R.H. Qureshi, R. Jooma, K.M. Bile, G.N. Kazi, W.A. Zaibi and A. Zafar ..........................................................................................................................................................4 ĉFJNQBDUPGUIFEJTFBTFFBSMZXBSOJOHTZTUFNJOSFTQPOEJOHUPOBUVSBMEJTBTUFSTBOEDPOĚJDUDSJTFTJO1BLJTUBO M. Rahim, B.M. Kazi, K.M. Bile, M. Munir and A.R. Khan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 i%FMJWFSJOHBTPOFu6/SFGPSNQSPDFTTUPJNQSPWFIFBMUIQBSUOFSTIJQTBOEDPPSEJOBUJPOPMEDIBMMFOHFTBOEFODPVSBHJOH MFTTPOTGSPN1BLJTUBO K.M. Bile, K.A. Lashari and A.F. Shadoul ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 *NQMFNFOUJOHUIFEJTUSJDUIFBMUITZTUFNJOUIFGSBNFXPSLPGQSJNBSZIFBMUIDBSFJO1BLJTUBODBOUIFFWPMWJOHSFGPSNT FOIBODFUIFQBDFUPXBSETUIF.JMMFOOJVN%FWFMPQNFOU(PBMT F. Sabih, K. M. Bile, W. Buehler, A. Hafeez, S. Nishtar and S. Siddiqi .................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 1BLJTUBOIVNBOSFTPVSDFTGPSIFBMUIBTTFTTNFOU A. Hafeez, Z. Khan, K.M. Bile, R. Jooma and M. Sheikh ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 *NQBDUPGXFBMUITUBUVTPOIFBMUIPVUDPNFTJO1BLJTUBO A.Y. Alam, S. Nishtar, S. Amjad and K.M. Bile .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 )VNBOPSHBOBOEUJTTVFUSBOTQMBOUBUJPOJO1BLJTUBOXIFOBSFHVMBUJPONBLFTBEJĎFSFODF K.M. Bile, J.A.R.H. Qureshi, S.A.H. Rizvi, S.A.A. Naqvi, A.Q. Usmani and K.A. Lashari ................................................................................................................................................................4 M. Haytham Khayat MD, FRSH, Editor-in-chief Muhammad Afzal MSc, MPhil, PhD, Executive Editor Editorial Board .PIBNNBE"CEVS3BC.##4 %5.) .1)5. 1I% /BFFNB"M(BTTFFS.4D 1I% .PIBNFE."MJ#4D .4D 1I% %5.) 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