EVALUATION REPORT Evaluation of the DG-ECHO funded Operations in Yemen (2002 – 2005) prepared on behalf of the: European Commission - Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) Authors: EC Contract Reference N°: ECHO/ADM/BUD/2005/01213 Dr. med. Gerhard Astor Internal Project N°, Germax: Mr. Anton Rijsdijk GMX EC 23 - 2005 Mr. Bernd Leber June 2006 GERMAX • GERLI GmbH • Bismarckstrasse 2-8 • D-52066 Aachen Tel. +49-241-40102400 • Fax +49-241-401024040• [email protected] Final Report DG ECHO Evaluation Yemen (2002 – 2005) This Evaluation Report was prepared under a service contract with the Commission of the European Communities. The views expressed herein are those of the consultants, and do not represent any official view of the Commission. GERMAX Gerli GmbH 2 International Consulting Services Final Report DG ECHO Evaluation Yemen (2002 – 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 6 2 TERMS OF REFERENCE AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 17 2.1 Terms of Reference........................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 17 3 CONTEXT OF THE SITUATION IN YEMEN .................................................................... 19 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 19 3.2 Actual situation of Yemen.................................................................................................. 19 3.2.1 Political situation................................................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Population ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Human development data ................................................................................................. 20 3.2.4 Poverty .............................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.5 Health ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.2.6 Education .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.7 Gender .............................................................................................................................. 23 3.2.8 Qat..................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.9 Civil Society....................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Ongoing Reforms .............................................................................................................. 25 3.3.1 Social reforms ................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.2 Poverty Reduction Plan..................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Administrative Reforms ..................................................................................................... 25 3.3.4 Good Governance Reform ................................................................................................ 26 3.4 European Commission’s Strategy ..................................................................................... 26 3.4.1 Strategy ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.4.2 Structure and Objectives ................................................................................................... 26 3.4.3 Appreciation of the political context in the CSP................................................................. 27 4 WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR.............................................................................. 28 4.1 Summary Water & Sanitation Sector Appraisal................................................................. 28 4.2 Water sector in Yemen...................................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Needs situation in the water sector ................................................................................... 29 4.2.2 Institutional framework and national water policy.............................................................. 34 4.2.3 Comments on the institutional framework ......................................................................... 34 4.3 Water projects ................................................................................................................... 35 4.4 DG ECHO strategy & supervision ..................................................................................... 36 4.5 DG ECHO’s presence in Yemen (Water Sector)............................................................... 37 4.6 Evaluation Criteria .............................................................................................................38 4.7 Cross-Cutting Issues – Water & Sanitation ....................................................................... 43 4.7.1 Environmental Issues ........................................................................................................ 43 4.7.2 LRRD Issues .....................................................................................................................43 4.8 Conclusions....................................................................................................................... 44 4.9 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 45 5 HEALTH SECTOR REPORT............................................................................................ 46 5.1 Summary of the Health Sector Appraisal ......................................................................... 46 5.2 Health Sector..................................................................................................................... 48 5.2.1 Needs Situation .................................................................................................................48 5.2.2 National Policy, Institutional Framework and DG ECHO Partners .................................... 49 GERMAX Gerli GmbH 3 International Consulting Services Final Report DG ECHO Evaluation Yemen (2002 – 2005) 5.3 DG ECHO’s Strategy in the Health Sector ........................................................................ 52 5.3.1 Intervention strategy.......................................................................................................... 52 5.3.2 Operational strategy .......................................................................................................... 53 5.4 Evaluation Results............................................................................................................. 55 5.4.1 Regrouped DG ECHO's recommendations in activity areas ............................................. 55 5.4.2 Appraisal of the Health Projects ........................................................................................ 61 5.5 Cross Cutting Issues ......................................................................................................... 63 5.5.1 Gender / Vulnerable Groups / Environment / Visibility ...................................................... 63 5.5.2 Linking Relief Rehabilitation and Development (LRRD).................................................... 65 5.5.3 Disaster Preparedness...................................................................................................... 65 5.6 Conclusions....................................................................................................................... 66 5.7 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 67 6 SOCIAL-MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES SECTOR...................................................... 69 6.1 Background – Marginalized Communities......................................................................... 69 6.1.1 Refugees ........................................................................................................................... 69 6.1.2 Akhdam ............................................................................................................................. 69 6.1.3 Street Children .................................................................................................................. 70 6.2 Project Assessment by Target Group................................................................................ 71 7 CROSS CUTTING ISSUES AND OTHER ISSUES (CROSS SECTOR).......................... 76 7.1 Gender and Children ......................................................................................................... 76 7.2 Visibility ............................................................................................................................. 76 7.3 Security ............................................................................................................................