Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2019) 43: 598-608 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1907-27 Two new species of Dipoena Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Wuling Mountains, China 1,2 1 1 1, Su-fang YANG , Muhammad IRFAN , Ping LIU , Xian-Jin PENG * 1 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China 2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China Received: 11.07.2019 Accepted/Published Online: 06.10.2019 Final Version: 01.11.2019 Abstract: Dipoena crescenta sp. nov. and D. lirata sp. nov., both represented by males and females, are described and illustrated from the Wuling Mountains of China. Detailed morphological descriptions of both new species are given. The body and the copulatory organs are photographed and illustrated. A distribution map is provided. Key words: Asia, Chongqing, comb-footed spiders, Hunan, taxonomy 1. Introduction tibia, metatarsal, tarsal). The terminology used here and Dipoena Thorell, 1869 spiders are usually small to medium- in legends follows Gao and Li (2014). All specimens are sized (1.50–2.50 mm), inhabiting brushwood, shrubs, and deposited at the College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal under stones (Zhu, 1998). They are distributed in Europe, University (HNU), Changsha, China. The distribution Iran, China, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, the USA, map was made with ArcView GIS 10.0 software. Canada, the Caribbean, Australia, Venezuela, Brazil, Abbreviations used are as follow : AER - anterior Myanmar, etc. Currently 162 species have been recorded all eye row; AEWR - anterior eye wide row; ALE - anterior over the world, 21 of which have been reported from China lateral eyes; AME - anterior median eyes; BP - basal plate; (World Spider Catalog, 2019). Dipoena are recognized by C - conductor; CD - copulatory ducts; CO - copulatory the carapace of the male being often high, cylindrical, with opening; E - embolus; EA - embolic apophysis; FD - grooves or depression; carapace of female rarely modified, fertilization duct; HNU - Hunan Normal University; MA sometimes high (Rodrigues, 2013). While examining - median apophysis; PER - posterior eye row; PEWR - specimens from the Wuling Mountains of China, two posterior eye wide row; PLE - posterior lateral eyes; PME new species of the genus Dipoena were recognized and are - posterior median eyes; R - ridge; S - spermathecae; SEM described here. - scanning electron microscope; SI - spermathecae I; SII - spermathecae II; ST - subtegulum; T - tegulum; TA - 2. Materials and methods terminal apophysis; TTA - Theridiidae tegular apophysis. All specimens were preserved in 75% ethyl alcohol. Epigyna were observed after maceration in lactic 3. Results and discussion acid and deposited together with the specimens. The Images of the newly described species are presented in specimens were observed with an Olympus SZX16 Figures 1A­­–1F, 2A–2C, 3A–3C, 4A–4E, 5A–5B, 6A–6F, stereomicroscope and measured with a Leica M205C. 7A–7B, 8A–8B, 9A–9E, and 10A–10B. The distribution They were photographed with an Olympus BX53 or Leica map is presented in Figure 11. M205C and the images were stacked by Helicon Focus Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 Software (Version 3.10). For SEM photos, the specimens Genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869 were directly kept on the conductive adhesive on specimen Dipoena crescenta sp. nov. (Figures 1–5 and 11) mount and photographed with ZEISS EVO LS15 scanning Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Chongqing, electron microscopes at Jingangshan University, Jiangxi. Youyang County, Taoyuan, 28°51493′N, 108°45287′E, Measurements are given in millimeters. The leg alt. 1002 m, 23-vii-2017, GC Zhou & M Irfan leg. measurements are given as total length (femur, patella + (HNU-CQ-IV-1719). Paratypes: Chongqing: 2♂♂1♀, * Correspondence: [email protected] 598 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. YANG et al. / Turk J Zool Figure 1. Dipoena crescenta sp. nov., male holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1719). A–C habitus, A - dorsal view; B - lateral view; C - ventral view; D–F - male left palp, D - prolateral view; E - ventral view; F - retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–F, 0.1 mm. same data as holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1719); 1♀, Jinfo IV-1718); Hunan: 1♀, Huaihua City, Huitong County, Mountains National Nature Reserve, Nanchuan District, Tuanhe Town, Diaotang Village, Yingzuijie National Dayou Town, 28°59505′N, 107°20093′E, alt. 1021 m, 13- Nature Reserves, 26°53174′N, 109°55329′E, alt. 263 m, viii-2015, XJ Peng et al. leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1508); 2♀♀, 30-x-2017, Deng-qing Li, T Tian, GC Zhou leg. (HNU- Youyang County, Taoyuan, 28°51235′N, 108°45910′E, HN-IV-1769); 1♀, Shaoyang City, Chengbu County, alt. 987 m, 26-v-2017, ZG Huang, T Tian, GC Zhou leg. Rulin Town, Daqiao Village, 26°20275′N, 110°16418′E, (HNU-CQ-IV-1711); 1♂, Youyang County, Taoyuan, alt. 458 m, 8-xi-2017, Deng-qing Li, T Tian, GC Zhou 28°51214′N, 108°45620′E, alt. 973 m, 22-vii-2017, leg. (HNU-HN-IV-1772); 1♂, Shaoyang City, Chengbu M Irfan & GC Zhou leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1717); 2♀♀, County, Danjiang Town, Taiping Village, 26°20353N, Youyang County, Taoyuan, 28°51347′N, 108°45134′E, alt. 110°14460E, alt. 510 m, 9-xi-2017, GC Zhou, DQ Li, T 995 m, 23-vii-2017, M Irfan & GC Zhou leg. (HNU-CQ- Tian leg. (HNU-HN-IV-1775). 599 YANG et al. / Turk J Zool Figure 2. Dipoena crescenta sp. nov., male holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1719) left palp.A - prolateral view; B - ventral view; C - retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.1 mm. Figure 3. Dipoena crescenta sp. nov., SEM photos of male (HNU-CQ-IV-1711). left palp.A - prolateral-ventral view; B - ventral view; C - prolateral-ventral view apical detail. Scale bars: A–B, 100 μm, C, 20 μm. Etymology. The specific name comes from the Latin Diagnosis. The male of the new species resembles “crescent” (meniscus), referring to the shape of the Dipoena calvata Gao & Li, 2014 (Gao and Li, 2014, figs. abdomen; adjective. 30–32), in having the smooth median apophysis and 600 YANG et al. / Turk J Zool Figure 4. Dipoena crescenta sp. nov., female paratype (HNU-CQ-IV-1719). A–C habitus, A - dorsal view; B - lateral view; C - ventral view; D - epigynum, ventral view; E - vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–E, 0.1 mm. Figure 5. Dipoena crescenta sp. nov., female paratype (HNU-CQ-IV-1719). A - epigynum, ventral view; B - vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, 0.1 mm. 601 YANG et al. / Turk J Zool Figure 6. Dipoena lirata sp. nov., male holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1720). A–C habitus, A - dorsal view; B - ventral view; C - lateral view; D–F male left palp, D - prolateral view; E - ventral view; F - retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm; D–F, 0.1 mm. slender embolus, but can be distinguished by: (1) embolus helmet-shaped in ventral view (Figures 1E, 2B, 3B), while hook-shaped, extending above the tip of the conductor in near triangular in D. calvata (Gao and Li, 2014, fig. 31A); ventral view (Figures 1E, 1F, 2B, 3B), while needle-shaped, (3) conductor short, without process in ventral view retained below the tip of the conductor in D. calvata (Gao (Figures 1E, 2B, 3B), while long, with process in D. calvata and Li, 2014, figs. 31A, 31B); (2) the base of the embolus (Gao and Li, 2014, fig. 31A). The female of the new species 602 YANG et al. / Turk J Zool Figure 7. Dipoena lirata sp. nov., male holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1720), left palp. A - ventral view; B - prolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, 0.1 mm. resembles D. parki Chichkering, 1943 (Levi, 1963, figs. and dark brown. Radial and cervical groove dark brown 78–80), by the round epigynum, but can be distinguished (Figure 1A). Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.09, by the following: (1) epigynum has a basal plate in ventral PME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.09, AME– view (Figures 4D, 5A), while without basal plate in D. parki ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, PME–PLE 0.05, AEWR (Levi, 1963, fig. 80); (2) spermathecae I slightly larger than 0.30, PEWR 0.53 (Figure 1A). Chelicerae without tooth, spermathecae II in dorsal view (Figures 4E, 5B), while brown. Endites somewhat petaloid, brown, labium fused spermathecae I almost 2 times larger than spermathecae with sternum, brown, distal area dark brown. Sternum II in D. parki (Levi, 1963, fig. 79); (3) the ridge curved in scutiform, sparsely covered with hairs, brown with dark ventral view (Figures 4D, 5A), while straight in D. parki brown margin (Figure 1C). Legs grayish brown, with dark (Levi, 1963, fig. 80). gray annuli (Figures 1B, 1C). Measurements of legs: I Description. Male (holotype, Figures 1–3): Total 2.43 (0.77, 0.84, 0.50, 0.32); II 2.00 (0.62, 0.66, 0.42, 0.30); length 1.43. Cephalothorax 0.68 long, 0.67 wide; abdomen III 1.61 (0.53, 0.49, 0.31, 0.28); IV 2.07 (0.69, 0.66, 0.43, 0.99 long, 0.80 wide. Clypeus 0.33 high, black brown, 0.29). Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Abdomen gourd-shaped, median area slightly concave. Carapace pear-shaped yellowish brown (Figure 1A). Dorsum (Figure 1A) with (Figure 1A), reddish brown. Ocular region slightly brown pattern, scattered with white spots, sparsely with bulged, eyes with black bases. Fovea (Figure 1A) circular slightly brown hairs; each side of median area with an 603 YANG et al.