Library of Congress Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 6/21/56 COLLECTIONS OF THE MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME X. PART I. ST. PAUL, MINN.: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. FEBRUARY, 1905. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 475478 DEPOSIT Printed by Great Western Printing Company Minneapolis, Minn. OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY. Hon. Greenleaf Clark (died Dec. 7, 1904), President. Nathaniel P. Langford (President, 1905), Vice-President. Gen. Henry W. Childs, Second Vice-President. Henry P. Upham, Treasurer. Warren Upham, Secretary and Librarian. David L. Kingsbury and Josiah B. Chaney, Assistant Librarians. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS. Nathaniel P. Langford. Gen. James H. Baker, Rev. Edward C. Mitchell, Josiah B. Chaney. COMMITTEE ON OBITUARIES. Hon. John D. Ludden. Gen. Henry W. Childs. John A. Stees. Gen. James H. Baker. The Secretary of the Society is ex-officio a member of these Committees. PREFACE. This volume, comprising papers and addresses presented before this Society during the past five years, is so large that it has been found necessary to bind it in two parts, which are consecutively paged. At the beginning of each part, a table of its contents is given. Part II has an index of the whole volume. It also contains an index of the authors and principal subjects in the series of these Volumes I to X, and a personal index of Volumes I to IX, both of which were compiled from the indexes of the several volumes. These general indexes will be very convenient for references to subjects and persons noticed in the entire series. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress The papers published in these Historical Collections relate to the history of Minnesota and the Northwest. Several other papers of much value, but not dealing with our local history, have been presented within the past ten years in the meetings of this Society; and it seems desirable to record here the titles of these papers, with their dates and authors, as follows: Observations in Japan, Corea, and China, during the Corean War in 1894, read December 14, 1896, by Lieut. John H. Beacom. Causes, Objects, and Results of the Wars of the North American Colonies, read February 8, 1897, by Col. Philip Reade. The Cartagena Expedition of Admiral Vernon in 1741, read May 10, 1897, by Capt. Charles W. Hall An Excursion in 1857 from Milwaukee to the Red River of the North, read October 11, 1897, from manuscripts of the late Dr. Increase A. Lapham. The Hessian Auxiliaries in the North American War of Independence, a translation from the German of Colonel yon Werthern, read March 14, 1898, by Captain William Gerlach. Three Stages in the History of our Country,—Dependence, Independence, Interdependence, read April 18, 1898, by Dr. James K. Hosmer; published in the Atlantic Monthly, July, 1898. Exhibits from Minnesota in the Crystal Palace Exposition at New York in 1853, read October 10, 1898, by Gen. William G. Le Due. vi The Southern Boundary of the Grant to the Hudson Bay Company, 16701811, read November 14, 1898, after the death of the author, Alfred J. Hill. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress Two Years in Alaska, read May 14, 1900, by Lieut. Edwin Bell. How Napoleon sold Louisiana, and fought a Great Battle about it which History has neglected, read September 10, 1900, by Dr. James K. Hosmer; published in 1902, as Chapter V, etc., of The History of the Louisiana Purchase. Sites of Old Roman Camps in Germany recently identified, and the Battleground where Hermann defeated Varus in the Year 9 A. D., read November 12, 1900, by Hartwig Deppe. History of the Mining Development of North Alaska and the Starvation Year 1897–98, read December 10, 1900, by Colonel P. Henry Ray. The United States a Nation from the Declaration of Independence, read September 8, 1902, by Hon. James O. Pierce. The address by Prof. David L. Kiehle, here forming pages 353–398, has been expanded and, published under the title, “Education in Minnesota,” as a book in two parts, the first historical, and the second treating of the school laws and sources of school support in this State. Since the printing of the bibliography of publications relating to Groseilliers and Radisson, in pages 568–594, another work has appeared which should be added to the list. This is entitled “Pathfinders of the West,” by Agnes C. Laut, published by the Macmillan Company, November, 1904. Chapters III and IV, forming pages 68–131, narrate the Third and Fourth Voyages, in which these explorers reached the area of Minnesota. The third voyage or expedition is assigned to the years 1658–1660, and the fourth to 1661–1663. In each of these expeditions, Groseilliers and Radisson are thought by this author, as in her article previously published in Leslie's Magazine, to have traveled far beyond Minnesota, going through the Dakotas, and perhaps into Montana, during the first expedition, and in the second going past the region of the Lake of the Woods to the Sioux in North Dakota. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress In many other respects this work differs widely from the views stated in Part II of the present volume. With the many and discordant opinions cited in the Bibliography, it indicates the need of careful studies of Radisson's own writings, by which probably historians will some day come to a better agreement concerning the routes and dates of these explorations. CONTENTS OF PART I. Page. History of Wheat Raising in the Red River Valley, by Hon. George N. Lamphere 1–33 Description of the Red River valley 1 Wheat raising in the Selkirk settlement 2 Early flouring mills; grasshoppers 7 First mail route 9 Steamboats on the Red river 10 First wheat raising near the Pembina river 11 Pioneer farmers near Moorhead and Fargo 12 Early wheat raising near Fort Abercrombie 19 Development by railroads 20 The Dalrymple farm 21 The Grandin farm 22 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress Increase of population and wealth 23 Causes of occasional failures 23 Better and more diversified cultivation needed 25 Railroad freight rates and legislation 25 Old and new methods of wheat farming 28 Wheat production and its value, 1898 29 Letter from Hon. Charles Cavalier 32 Greatness of the resources of Minnesota 32 History of Flour Manufacture in Minnesota, by Col. George D. Rogers 35–55 Progress in methods of milling 35 The government mill of 1823 37 The first custom mills 38 Earliest merchant mill and export 39 The first mill corporation 39 Milling at Northfield 40 The fame of Archibald 41 The Gardner mill at Hastings 41 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress “Honest John” Kearcher 42 Rise and fall of Minnetonka Mills 43 Statistics of 1859–60 43 Milling in 1870 44 Birth of the “new process” 45 Effect upon wheat and flour production 47 viii The La Croixs of Faribault 47 Gradual reduction by rolls 49 The mill explosion of 1878 51 Minnesota flour export trade 52 Minnesota mills in 1900 54 The Early Government Land Surveys in Minnesota West of the Mississippi River , by Hon. Thomas Simpson 57–67 System of government surveys 57 Convergency of meridians 59 Guide meridians and standard parallels 60 Surveys in southeastern Minnesota, 1853–55 61 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress Castle rock and the Zumbro river 64 The Winnebago Indians 65 Personal reminiscences 65 Sketches of the History of Hutchinson , by Hon. William W. Pendergast 69–89 Founding of the town by the Hutchinson singers 69 Adoption of a constitution 73 Pioneer reminiscences 74 The Fourth of July, 1856 77 Cost of living in the winter of 1857–58 77 First town meeting 77 Steamboat navigation 78 Scarcity of food 78 Mail carriers 78 The Sioux outbreak 78 The attack at Hutchinson 80 Retreat and council of the Sioux 84 Murder of German settlers west of Hutchinson 85 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress Service of the Hutchinson guards 87 The killing of Little Crow 88 Early Steamboating on the Minnesota and Red Rivers , by Captain Edwin Bell 91–100 St Paul and its vicinity in 1850 91 Steamboating on the Minnesota river 92 Recollections of the Red River of the North 93 Scenes at Fort Garry in 1859 97 The return by ox train to St Paul 98 Incidents of the Sioux outbreak 99 The Treaty of Traverse des Sioux in 1851, under Governor Alexander Ramsey, with Notes of the Former Treaty there, in 1841 under Governor James D. Doty, of Wisconsin , by Thomas Hughes 101–129 ix The treaty of Governor Doty, 1841 101 Motives leading to the treaty of 1851 102 Preliminaries of the treaty 103 Goodhue, the journalist, and Mayer, the artist 107 The treaty council 108 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Volume 10, Part 1 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.0866e Library of Congress Signing the treaty 110 The traders' paper 111 Speeches and presents 111 White men present 111 Duplicate treaty at Mendota 112 The lands ceded 112 Payments and reservations for the Sioux 112 Amendment of the treaty by the senate 113 Disbursement of the first payment 114 The claims of the traders 114 Investigation by order of the senate 115 Later negotiations concerning the reservations 115 The Sioux massacre, 1862 116 Results of the treaty 116 The purposes of the earlier treaty in 1841 119 Newspaper comments on the Doty treaty 119 Governor Doty and Le Sueur's copper mine on the Blue Earth river 136 Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society.