2019 Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing for the Des Moines-West Des Moines Community-Based Statistical Area Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary of Barriers ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary of Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 A. Introduction to Fair Housing ................................................................................................................................. 1 Program Participants and Analysis of Impediments Requirements ......................................................................... 1 B. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Citizen Participation Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Fair Housing Steering Committee ............................................................................................................................. 3 Connection to Other Community Outreach Efforts .................................................................................................. 4 Des Moines ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 West Des Moines .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Region ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Fair Housing Subcommittee Outreach ...................................................................................................................... 6 C. Assessment of Past Goals ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Goal 1. Address affordability .................................................................................................................................... 9 Goal 2. Changing demographics ............................................................................................................................. 10 Goal 3. Education of fair housing laws, rights, and processes ................................................................................ 10 Goal 4. Geographic concentration of subsidized and affordable housing ............................................................. 12 Goal 5. Landlord Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 12 Goal 6. Support services for homeowners ............................................................................................................. 13 Goal 7. Zoning ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Goal 8. Homelessness ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Goal 9. Transportation ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 D. Fair Housing Education and Enforcement .......................................................................................................... 16 Des Moines Civil and Human Rights Commission ................................................................................................... 16 West Des Moines Civil and Human Rights Commission ......................................................................................... 18 Regional (Iowa) Civil and Human Rights Commission ............................................................................................ 18 E. Access to Opportunity ........................................................................................................................................ 19 1. Low poverty exposure index ........................................................................................................................... 20 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 i Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 23 2. School proficiency index ................................................................................................................................. 25 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 28 3. Employment: Jobs proximity index and labor market engagement index ..................................................... 30 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 36 4. Transportation: Low transportation cost index and transit index .................................................................. 38 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 38 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 44 5. Environmental health index ............................................................................................................................ 47 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 47 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Access to Opportunity Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 52 F. Housing Types, Occupants, and Location ........................................................................................................... 53 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 53 West Des Moines data ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Regional data ...................................................................................................................................................... 56 Barriers and Solutions ......................................................................................................................................... 60 G. Protected Classes and Other Populations Vulnerable to Discrimination ........................................................... 63 1. Racial or Ethnic Minorities .............................................................................................................................. 63 Des Moines data ................................................................................................................................................. 63 West Des Moines data ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Regional data .....................................................................................................................................................