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Introduction to Population Genetics Outline Darwinian evolution and Population Thinking Levels of genetic variation Population Genetics: the kinematics and dynamics of evolutionary changes in populations Types of genetic variation Gene and genotype frequencies Measures of nucleotide variation Surveys of genetic variation Population genetics databases The nature of genetic variation The golden age of population genetics Readings & exercices Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics 3 Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Why the rich diversity of life? Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics 1859 Charles R. 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Introduction to Population Genetics Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics How does allelic frequency change over time? Population genetics: 1 the kinematics and dynamics of evolutionary Allelic changes in frequency populations 0 Time Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics 29 Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Evolution and Population Genetics Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution Theodosious Dobzhansky Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of Population Genetics Michael Lynch Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Population Genetics The problematic of population Starting 1966 genetics is the description and explanation of genetic variation within and between populations Theodosious Dobzhansky (1900-1975) Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics The Population is the substrate where evolution occurs Mendelian population: a group of interbreeding individuals sharing a common gene pool (diploid organisms, reproduction sexual and Mendelian inheritance ) Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics The basic unit of evolution is the allele (gene) frequency •Genetic variation or genetic polymorphism: existence in a population of two or more allelic forms at appreciable frequencies •Gene or allele frequency (basic unit of evolution): f (A) proportion of a given allele in the population Gene with alleles A and a q = f(a) p = f(A) A a p+q=1 Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics 36 Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics The Population is the substrate where evolution occurs Mendelian population: a group of interbreeding individuals sharing a common gene pool (diploid organism, reproduction sexual with Mendelian inheritance ) Allele A Allele a Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics 37 Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics Structure of population genetics A theory of forces Factors changing gene frequencies in populations Migration Genetic Drift Population genetics: the kinematics and dynamics of evolutionary changes Mutation Bachelor’s Degree in Bioinformatics Natural Selection Prof. Antonio Barbadilla Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution - Session 1. Introduction to Population Genetics The theory of Population Genetics Founders of Population Genetics (1918-1932) Population genetics: the kinematics and dynamics of evolutionary