Volume 2000 Article 26 8-2000 Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts, 1998-2000 Ross C. Fields Prewitt and Associates, Inc., [email protected] E. Frances Gadus Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Karl W. Kibler Cross Timbers Geoarcheological Services, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Lee P C.ar tNor of thedt American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Fields, Ross C.; Gadus, E. Frances; Kibler, Karl W.; and Nordt, Lee C. (2000) "Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts, 1998-2000," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2000, Article 26. https://doi.org/10.21112/ita.2000.1.26 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2000/iss1/26 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts, 1998-2000 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2000/iss1/26 ARCHEOLOGICAL IMPACT EVALUATIONS AND SURVEYS IN THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION’S ATLANTA, DALLAS, FORT WORTH, PARIS, AND WACO DISTRICTS, 1998–2000 by Ross C. Fields E. Frances Gadus Karl W. Kibler and Lee C. Nordt with Contributions by Amy M. Holmes Jennifer K. McWilliams John W. Arnn III Paul Maslyk and Gemma Mehalchick Principal Investigator: Ross C. Fields REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS, NUMBER 128 Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas ARCHEOLOGY STUDIES PROGRAM, REPORT 24 Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division August 2000 ISBN 1-930788-02-9 TEXAS ANTIQUITIES COMMITTEE ARCHEOLOGY PERMIT NO. 2042 CONTRACT DATA Preparation of this document was accomplished under Order No. 8-0271, Req. No. 60129- 8-80990, with the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, 125 E. 11th Street, Austin, Texas 78701-2483. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING........................................................................................................ 1 SYNOPSIS OF NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE HISTORY........................................................ 7 Northeast Texas ................................................................................................................... 7 North-Central Texas ............................................................................................................ 11 Northeast Margin of Central Texas .................................................................................... 15 Central Blackland Prairie ................................................................................................... 19 SUMMARY OF IMPACT EVALUATIONS AND SURVEYS ......................................................... 24 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 26 Synopsis of Work Orders ..................................................................................................... 47 Impacts and Site Potential .................................................................................................. 48 Sites Investigated................................................................................................................. 64 Work Order 2, 41CV1620........................................................................................ 64 Work Order 6, 41UR28 ........................................................................................... 66 Work Order 9, 41BL1099–41BL1101 ..................................................................... 67 Work Order 13, 41HM44 and 41HM45.................................................................. 68 Work Order 14. 41UR36 ......................................................................................... 69 Work Order 19, 41RA86.......................................................................................... 71 Work Order 32, 41CS143 and 41CS144 ................................................................. 71 Work Order 34......................................................................................................... 73 Work Order 35, 41FA65.......................................................................................... 73 Work Order 40, 41PN175–41PN176 and 41TT823–41TT824............................... 73 Patterns in Site Distributions ................................................................................ 76 Geomorphological Investigations ........................................................................................ 77 Utility of Existing Methods ................................................................................................. 79 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 80 REFERENCES CITED ..................................................................................................................... 83 APPENDIX A: Glossary of Technical Terms ................................................................................... 94 APPENDIX B: Letters and Letter Reports for Impact Evaluations and Surveys ......................... 97 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1. Locations of the Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts in relation to natural subregions ................................................................................................................. 3 2. Major drainages in the Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco Districts .................... 5 3. Map of the study area showing the locations of all Impact Evaluations and Surveys ........... 25 4. Schematic cross section of a bridge approach showing common disturbance factors ............. 49 5. Alluvial stratigraphic cross section of the Brazos River valley along Loop 340 in McLennan County.................................................................................................................. 78 LIST OF TABLES 1. Summary of work orders............................................................................................................ 27 2. Summary of existing impacts by work order............................................................................. 50 3. Summary of archeological sites investigated ............................................................................ 65 4. Radiocarbon dates obtained from Brazos River alluvium in Work Order 8............................ 77 iv ABSTRACT This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in five TxDOT districts—Atlanta, Dallas, Fort Worth, Paris, and Waco—in northeast, north-central, and central Texas. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on 31 August 1998 and concluded on 31 August 2000. During these two years, 41 work orders were completed. The 41 work orders consisted of 119 Impact Evaluations, 21 Surveys, 3 Surveys with Geoarcheological Evaluation, 1 work order for a quality control meeting with TxDOT, and 1 work order to produce this report. Combined, these work orders entailed efforts at 151 bridge or relief structure replacements, 14 projects involving primarily road widening or realignment (most with bridge replacements as well), and 1 project consisting of construction of an exit ramp. During completion of these work orders, 16 newly discovered or previously recorded archeological sites and 1 possible site were investigated. Fourteen of the Impact Evaluations resulted in a recommendation that an archeological survey be completed prior to construction. In 69 additional Impact Evaluations