By Helen and Mark Warner © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 1 Ancient Greece was a rich and impressive civilisation that continues to In this section, you will learn infuence life today. The Greek Empire became powerful because its about... people were great warriors and great thinkers. They lived from 3000BC to 1. Who the Ancient 140BC, when they were fnally Greeks were. conquered by the Romans. 2. Where the Ancient Greeks At the height of their power, the lived. Greeks had conquered areas in Italy, 3. Key dates in Sicily, Turkey, North Africa and France. Ancient Greek They set up a democratic society and history. began developing modern medicine. They also created buildings that still inspire architects today. The temple of Poseidon © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 4 at Cape Sounion. Image © ThinkStock Map of Europe showing Greece today. Key periods in Ancient Greek history From 40,000 BC - The frst people settle in Greece. 2000-1500 BC - The Minoans and the Cretan Palace civilisation. 1500-1100 BC - Rise and fall of the Mycenaean civilisation. 1100-800 BC - The Dark Ages. 800-480 BC - The Archaic Period. 480-323 BC - The Classical Period. 323-30 BC - The Hellenistic Period. An illustrated map of Ancient Greece. © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 5 Images © ThinkStock Athens was a thriving city because it was near the sea. The architecture in Athens was beautiful This meant that it could trade with other city-states and with many important public buildings and countries outside of Greece. It was also surrounded by good temples to honour the gods. Normal houses farm land and there were mines extracting silver, lead and were simple but the rich could afford to marble (which made Athens very rich and powerful). decorate their homes with beautiful objects. The Acropolis in Athens. Most of the temples and shrines to honour Athene were An illustration of the located on the Acropolis. These buildings have become famous reconstruction of the Parthenon, showing the birth of Athene. symbols of Ancient Greece and their style has been copied all over the world. The Parthenon was built in 438BC to honour Athene and celebrate the glory of Athens. © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 18 Images © ThinkStock The layout of most houses was very similar. The rooms were built around a central courtyard which may have contained a well (which was used for washing and to fll cooking pots with water). Most families also had an altar in their courtyard where they could pray and make sacrifces to the gods. Herm The entrance of the house usually Kitchen contained a statue of the god Hermes The kitchen to protect the home from evil spirits. contained an open fre that was used to heat water and for cooking. Bedrooms The bedrooms were usually upstairs and Gynaeceum may have been The women had quarters called reached by a ladder the gynaeceum where they or staircase. Beds looked after the children, ran were made from the household, did weaving and wooden frames and spinning and entertained other strung with leather or female friends. cord. A mattress was placed on top with a pillow and cover. Andron Bathroom This room is where men held a private party for their If the house had a bathroom, it contained a small male friends (called a symposium). When a boy terracotta tub with a drain that led outside. reached the age of 12 or 13, he was the considered There was also a basin on a stand for washing in. old enough to join his father in the andron. © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 39 A number of different events were held during the Olympics: Boxing Boxing contests went on for hours. The winner Running was the person who managed to knock out their All running and track events took place on a running track called the stadium. opponent. Any blow to the head was allowed an This was 192 metres long. It was covered in clay to make it a good surface to contestants had their hands bound with leather run on. Three main races were held and these were the stade (which involved but special gloves were developed later on. running one length of the track), the diaulos (two lengths of the track) and the dolichos (which was 20 or 24 lengths). Pentathlon This involved fve athletic events (running, wrestling, jumping, discus and javelin). It was a real test of endurance for the athletes. Chariot racing Chariot races took place between teams of two or four horses over twelve laps. A special starting gate was used to release the chariots and up to forty chariots The starting line at the first could take place in the race. Olympic stadium in Olympia. Wrestling Horse racing There were also three main wrestling events: Horses were run over a • Upright wrestling which involved throwing an opponent to the ground distance of 1200 metres. three times in order to win. Riders rode bareback and • Ground wrestling which was won once an opponent gave in. accidents were common. • Pankration. In this match, the only rules were no biting and no eye gouging! © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 69 Image © ThinkStock Architecture Capital Designing and constructing buildings. The top section of column on a building. ! !Archon Cerberus !An important and powerful official in Athens. A three-headed dog that guarded the Underworld. ! Assembly Ceremony Acropolis A gathering of people and officials that met to make A special religious or public event. An Acropolis was the part of a city built on a hill and decisions about the running of Athens. ! was the most protected part of the city. ! Chariot ! Astronomer A vehicle with two wheels that was pulled by a horse AD / CE A person who studies the night sky and the position and used in races and in warfare. AD means After the Death of Jesus Christ. CE of the moon, stars and other planets. ! means Current Era and refers also to this time. Chiton Athenian An item of clothing used by men and women Afterlife A person living in Athens. ! Life after death. ! Chorus ! Attica A group of men who sang and danced during a play. Agora The name given to Athens and the surrounding ! The open market place in a city. countryside. Citizen ! ! A free man who was able to participate in the Altar Barbarian government of his city-state. A place or a table that is used by people to make A foreigner who could not speak Greek. This term ! offerings and sacrifices to the gods and goddesses eventually came to mean an uncivilised person. City-state to keep them happy. ! A city and the countryside that it controlled. ! BC / BCE Amphora BC means a period of history Before the birth of Civilisation A two handled jar with a long neck used to hold wine, Jesus Christ. BCE means Before the Common Era The society, culture and way of life in an area. olive oil or other liquids. and also refers this time. ! ! ! Classical Andron Black figure ware A term referring the golden age of Ancient Greek The dining room in a Greek house. A style of pottery made by the Ancient Greeks history. decorated with black figures on a red background. Archaeologist ! Clay A person who studies history by excavating and Bodice Earth that can be moulded when it is wet to make examining objects from the past. Part of a woman’s dress that is above the waist. bricks and pottery. ! ! Architect Bronze Age Colonnade A person whose job it is to design buildings. A period of history from 3000 - 1100 B.C when A line of columns used to support a row of arches or people made weapons and artefacts out of bronze. a roof. © Teaching Packs - Ancient Greece - Page 80 An audience watching a play at a Greek amphitheatre. © www.teachingpacks.co.uk Images: © ThinkStock Troy Athens Images: © ThinkStock Images: © www.teachingpacks.co.uk © city-state Sparta Parthenon temple Minoan Acropolis Mycenaean hoplon himation chiton pottery slave Mount amphora hoplite Olympus agora mask Olympia theatre play merchant ship god goddess Zeus Hera trireme Hades comedy tragedy Olympic Games Underworld Hippocrates Homer A poet whose work was passed on A doctor and writer about by word of mouth and written medicine. His writing infuenced down by others later. Homer wrote medical ideas in the ancient world. The Iliad and The Odyssey. www.teachingpacks.co.uk © Images: © ThinkStock A satyr was discovered in the Midas looked after Silenus and took Dionysus was so grateful that his Midas asked that whatever he farmlands of Midas, the king of him to Dionysus, the god of wine. friend Silenus had been returned touched be turned into gold. The Phrygia. The satyr (a part man, part safely that he offered to grant Midas wish was granted and the king was goat) was called Silenus and he was whatever he wished for. delighted. drunk. He touched a twig and it turned into However, when it was time to eat, Midas became incredibly hungry and Dionysus told Midas to wash away gold. He touched an apple and it Midas touched some bread and it thirsty and begged Dionysus to free his greed in the River Pactolus. turned into gold. When he returned to turned to gold. His wine turned into him from his gift. Midas did as he was told and his his palace, he touched the door and liquid gold when it touched his lips. golden touch was washed away. it too turned into gold. © www.teachingpacks.co.uk www.teachingpacks.co.uk Thank you for looking at our preview resources.