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This book is produced from independently certifi ed FSC™ paper to ensure responsible forest management. For more information visit: www.harpercollins.co.uk/green 2 Chinese PRELIMS.indd 2 10/12/2018 09:26 contents 5 the essentials 19 transport 33 in the home 47 at the shops 69 day-to-day 85 leisure 97 sport 111 health 127 planet earth 141 celebrations and festivals introduction The following points have been given to help you when using Thai: 1) How to express politeness When speaking Thai it is often necessary to add small words called particles to the end of your sentences to convey politeness. Men add the word “kráp” and women add the word “kâ”. Polite Thai speech is peppered with these particles, but not always at the end of every utterance. It is advisable to use them as much as possible until you get the feel for them. In some of the example sentences in this book they have been included already. For example, a man saying “thank you” would say “kòrp kun kráp” and a woman saying “hello” would say “sà wàt dee kâ”. Note that the particle used by women changes to a high tone when it is added to a question, so a woman saying “sorry?” would say “à rai ná ká?”. 3 2) Personal pronouns There are a large number of different personal pronouns in Thai. The polite first person pronouns (I/me) differ for men and women; men say “po¯m” and women say “chán” or the more formal “dì chán”. The word “káo” can be used as the third person pronoun for both men and women (he and she), and is sometimes used to refer to more than one person (they). The polite second person pronoun (you) is “kun”. This can also be added before someone’s name as an honorific prefix. 3) Classifiers Classifiers are an important feature of Thai and are often mandatory when using a noun with a numeral or when referring to a specific noun. For example, “one student” is “nák rian nèung kon”. Here, “nák rian” is the noun meaning “student” but the classifier for people (kon) must be added after the number when specifying the number of students. There are many different classifiers in Thai, used for different types of objects. A useful general classifier is “an”, which can be used to count or pinpoint just about any small object for which you don’t know the correct classifier. For example, “an née tâo rài kráp/ká” (how much is this one?). 4) Tones Thai is a tonal language, meaning that each word is pronounced with a certain pitch. Changing the tone will change the meaning of the word. Thai has five tones, and since it also makes the distinction between long and short vowels, there is effectively a long and short version of each tone. Listening to the audio will help you to get acquainted with the long and short sounds, many of which have been transcribed in this book using double vowels (i.e. “aa” would be a longer sound than “a”). The rules for figuring out the tones in Thai script are complicated, but the pronunciation guide under every entry in this book marks the tones above the vowels in each syllable, as summarised in the following table: TONE SIGN PITCH LEVEL EXAMPLE MEANING NAME mid no sign added mid level ไมค์ mai mic low ` (above the letter) low falling ใหม่ mài new falling ˆ (above the letter) high falling ไม่ mâi not high ´ (above the letter) high rising ไม้ máai wood rising ˘ (above the letter) low falling-rising ไหม ma˘i silk 4 the essentials | เรื่องต้องรู้ blue red สีฟ้า สีแดง sěe fáa sěe dairng yellow green สีเหลือง สีเขียว sěe lěuang sěe kǐaw white สีขาว sěe kǎao black สีดำา sěe dam the basics | บทสนทนาพื้นฐาน Hello. Good afternoon. See you tomorrow. สวัสดี ครับ/ค่ะ สวัสดี ครับ/ค่ะ เจอกันพรุ่งนี้ sà wàt dee kráp/kâ sà wàt dee kráp/kâ jer gan prûng née Hi! Good night. Bye! สวัสดี ครับ/ค่ะ ราตรีสวัสดิ์ ลาก่อน sà wàt dee kráp/kâ raa dtree sà wàt laa gòrn Good morning. See you soon. Good luck! อรุณสวัสดิ์ิ์ แล้วเจอกัน โชคดี à run sà wàt láew jer gan chôhk dee Yes. Thank you. I’m sorry. ครับ/ค่ะ ขอบคุณ ครับ/ค่ะ ผม/ฉัน ขอโทษ kráp/kâ kòrp kun kráp/kâ pǒm/chán kǒr tôht No. No, thanks. OK! ไม่ ครับ/ค่ะ ไม่ครับ/ค่ะ ขอบคุณ โอเค mâi kráp/kâ mâi kráp/kâ, kòrp kun oh kay I don’t know. Excuse me. You’re welcome. ผม/ฉัน ไม่รู้ ขอโทษ ครับ/ค่ะ ด้วยความยินดี pǒm/chán mâi róo kǒr tôht kráp/kâ dûay kwaam yin dee Yes, please. Sorry? I don’t understand. ครับ/ค่ะ ขอบคุณ อะไรนะ ผม/ฉัน ไม่เข้าใจ kráp/kâ, kòrp kun à rai ná pǒm/chán mâi kâo jai 6 about you | เกี่ยวกับตัวคุณ How old are you? I’m... I have a partner. คุณอายุเท่าไหร่ ผม/ฉัน เป็น... ผม/ฉัน มีแฟนแล้ว kun aa yú tâo rài pǒm/chán bpen pǒm/chán mee fairn láew I’m … years old. British I’m single. ผม/ฉัน อายุ ... ปี คนอังกฤษ ผม/ฉัน เป็นโสด pǒm/chán aa yú ... bpee kon ang grìt pǒm/chán bpen sòht I was born in... Scottish I’m divorced. ผม/ฉัน เกิดปี... คนสกอตแลนด์ ผม/ฉัน หย่าแล้ว pǒm/chán gèrt bpee... kon sà gòt lairn pǒm/chán yàa láew Where do you live? English I’m widowed. คุณพักอยู่ที่ไหน คนอังกฤษ เป็นม่าย kun pák yòo têe nǎi kon ang grìt bpen mâai Where are you from? Irish Do you have any children? คุณมาจากประเทศ คนไอร์แลนด์ อะไร kon ai lairn คุณมีลูกไหม kun maa jàak bprà tâyt Welsh kun mee lôok mái à rai I have ... children. I’m from... คนเวลส์ kon wayw ผม/ฉัน มีลูก ... คน ผม/ฉัน มาจาก..