Southeastern University FireScholars Doctor of Education (Ed.D) Spring 2020 FROM BIBLE COLLEGE TO UNIVERSITY: FACTORS RELATED TO INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE DURING THE LEADERSHIP OF THREE UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS FROM 1979 TO THE PRESENT Rustin B. Lloyd Southeastern University - Lakeland Follow this and additional works at: https://firescholars.seu.edu/coe Part of the Educational Leadership Commons, and the Higher Education Administration Commons Recommended Citation Lloyd, Rustin B., "FROM BIBLE COLLEGE TO UNIVERSITY: FACTORS RELATED TO INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE DURING THE LEADERSHIP OF THREE UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS FROM 1979 TO THE PRESENT" (2020). Doctor of Education (Ed.D). 60. https://firescholars.seu.edu/coe/60 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by FireScholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Education (Ed.D) by an authorized administrator of FireScholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM BIBLE COLLEGE TO UNIVERSITY: FACTORS RELATED TO INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE DURING THE LEADERSHIP OF THREE UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS FROM 1979 TO THE PRESENT By RUSTIN B. LLOYD A doctoral dissErtAtion submittEd to the CollEge of EducAtion in partiAl fulfillmEnt of the requiremEnts for the degreE Doctor of EducAtion in OrganizAtional LEAdership SoutheAstErn University August, 2020 DEDICATION To my family and friEnds who constAntly encouraged mE on my EducAtional journey. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my Chair, Dr. JAnet DEck, who encouraged mE that I had a topic worth pursuing. Dr. DEck’s gentlE prompting helped mE to mAke progress as I wAs losing hope that this resEArch projEct would ever get done. I would like to also thank my committEE mEmbers, Dr. PErmEntEr and Dr. Anderson, for their helpful feEdback and the timE spent reAding the various drafts of this dissErtAtion. Finally, I would like to thank the lEAders who participatEd in this study. Not only did they drive change in the organizAtion, but their reflEctions will help others understAnd how to producE effective change. iv Abstract Higher educAtion is known for its slow ratE of change, but as the 21st cEntury continues institutions of higher EducAtion (IHEs) are feEling the pressure to adapt. In addition to the pressures facEd by higher educAtion at lArge, ChristiAn IHEs facEs increAsing sEculArizAtion. This qualitAtive cAsE study examined the underlying history and rationalE for transition and change during the administrations of threE presidents. Using organizAtion change theory, threE Administrators wEre intErviEwEd to detErmine the factors that influencEd change at a ChristiAn IHE from 1979 to 2019. The institutional changes in ChristiAn higher educAtion provided rich AreAs for resEArch on lEAdership and organizAtional change, growth, and developmEnt. Results indicAtEd that religious identity, institutional identity, acAdemic growth, student populAtion and demographic growth, governancE and lEAdership, and financEs wEre all factors that influencEd change. Keywords: ChristiAn, EvangelicAl, PEntEcostAl, organizAtional change, institution of higher educAtion, religious identity, institutional identity, AcAdemic growth, student populAtion, governancE and lEAdership, financEs v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEdicAtion ...................................................................................................................................... iii AcknowlEdgmEnts .......................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v TAblE of ContEnts ........................................................................................................................... vi List of TAblEs .................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................... 2 ConcEptual FramEwork ....................................................................................................... 5 SignificAncE of the Study .................................................................................................... 7 PurposE StAtEmEnt ............................................................................................................... 7 OverviEw of MEthodology .................................................................................................. 8 ResEArch DEsign .......................................................................................................... 8 ResEArch Questions ...................................................................................................... 8 DAtA CollEction ............................................................................................................ 8 ProcEdures .................................................................................................................... 9 Archival documEnt analysis. ................................................................................ 9 IntErviEw analysis. .............................................................................................. 10 LimitAtions ........................................................................................................................ 11 DEfinition of KEy TErms ................................................................................................... 11 SummAry ........................................................................................................................... 12 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................... 14 OrganizAtional Change and LEAdership ............................................................................ 15 Lifelong LEArning and LEAdership ............................................................................. 15 LEvels of OrganizAtional Change .............................................................................. 18 IntEgrating OrganizAtional Change ............................................................................ 20 vi PsychologicAl Contracts and OrganizAtional Change ................................................ 22 StratEgic LEAdership .................................................................................................. 24 AmEricAn EvangelicAl EducAtion ...................................................................................... 26 IntEllEctual Life .......................................................................................................... 26 EvangelicAl Higher EducAtion ................................................................................... 28 LEAdership and Change in ChristiAn Higher EducAtion .................................................... 34 SummAry ........................................................................................................................... 40 III. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 42 ResEArch DEsign ................................................................................................................ 42 PArticipants ................................................................................................................ 43 ContExt of the Study .................................................................................................. 44 RolE of the ResEArcher ............................................................................................... 44 MEAsures for EthicAl ProtEction ................................................................................. 44 ResEArch Questions ........................................................................................................... 45 DAtA CollEction ................................................................................................................. 45 InstrumEnts usEd in DAtA CollEction .......................................................................... 45 MEthods to Address VAlidity, and ReliAbility ............................................................ 45 ProcEdures ......................................................................................................................... 47 DAtA Analysis .................................................................................................................... 48 SummAry ........................................................................................................................... 49 IV. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 50 MEthods of DAtA CollEction .............................................................................................. 50 ResEArch Questions ........................................................................................................... 56 ResEArch Question 1 ...............................................................................................