TIMELINE Portchester Castle This resource has been designed to help teachers plan a visit to Portchester Castle, which provides essential insight into over 1,700 years of history. It was a Roman fort, a Saxon stronghold, a royal castle and eventually a prison. Use this timeline in the classroom to help students understand the history of Portchester. Get in touch with our Education Booking Team: 0370 333 0606 [email protected] https://bookings.english-heritage.org.uk/education Don’t forget to download our Hazard Information Sheets and Discovery Visit Risk Assessments to help with planning: • In the Footsteps of Kings • Big History: From Dominant Castle to Hidden Fort Share your visit with us @EHEducation The English Heritage Trust is a charity, no. 1140351, and a company, no. 07447221, registered in England. All images are copyright of English Heritage or Historic England unless otherwise stated. Published July 2017 ROMANS SAXONS NORMANS MEDIEVAL TUDORS STUARTS GEORGIANS VICTORIANS 20TH CENTURY AD 43–410 AD 410–1066 1066–1154 1154-1484 1485-1603 1603-1714 1714-1830 1837-1901 1901-1999 AD 211 AD 306 AD 410 1066 1154 1199 –1216 1337 1415 1533 1604 1714 –27 1837 1901 Roman Britain was Constantine The Romans left The Normans Henry II Reign of King The Hundred Henry V (r. 1413–22) King Henry VIII England made Reign of King Victoria became Queen Victoria divided into two (r.AD 306–37) Britain. Anglo- invaded England, (r.1154 – 89) John, who visited Years War and his English army (r.1509–47) split peace with Spain. George I. queen. died. separate areas: became Roman Saxon people led by William the became king. Portchester Castle between England won the Battle of from the Catholic Britannia Superior emperor. began to settle. Conqueror, and regularly. and France began. Agincourt, defeating church and became (Upper Britain), won the Battle of Charles VI of France. Supreme Head of the 1642 with London as Hastings. Church of England. The English Civil 1756 1914–18 its capital, and War began. Start of the Seven First World War. Britannia Inferior 1181 1296 Years War. (Lower Britain), Portsmouth was 1455–87 with its capital at AD 450 The Wars 1588 AD 314 1087 founded. It became 1649 York. Britain was of Scottish The Wars of the Elizabeth I became a busy town and Constantine ended divided up into the William Rufus Independence Roses between queen. The Spanish Execution of navy base. 1803–15 1939–45 the punishment of Seven Kingdoms: (son of William I) between England the Yorkists Armada was defeated Charles 1 Christians in the Northumbria, became king and Scotland (supporting by the English fleet in (r.1625–49). The Napoleonic Second World Roman Empire and Mercia, Anglia, (r.1087–1100). began. Richard, Duke the Channel. Wars were fought War. Christianity was Wessex, Essex, of York) and the against France. EVENTS IN ENGLISH HISTORY EVENTS made legal. Sussex and Kent. Lancastrians 1660 (supporting King Restoration of Henry VI). Charles II (r.1660–85). AD 200 AD 300 AD 400 AD 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 AD 285–90 AD c.350 AD 904 1086–1100 110 0 –31 1154 1214 1346 1415 1535 1665 1794 1811 1961–79 The Roman fort New roads were The Bishop of The castle was King Henry I King Henry II took King John brought King Edward III Henry V used King Henry VIII and Portchester was 11 new wooden More French Archaeological digs at Portchester built inside the Winchester built by William (r.1100 –35) over the castle his hunting dogs (r.1327–77) gathered Portchester to Anne Boleyn visited used to house 500 houses were built prisoners of were carried out at was built by fort, possibly by gave the fort to Maudit, a follower frequently stopped and used it as a to Portchester his army at prepare his army Portchester Castle. prisoners captured inside the walls, war arrived at Portchester Castle. Marcus Aurelius Emperor Constans Edward, king of of William the at Portchester on royal stronghold. for hunting in the Portchester before for the Battle of during the Second so Portchester Portchester, Carausius, the (r.337–50) when the West Saxons Conqueror. his travels to nearby Forest of sailing to France, Agincourt. Dutch War. could house more including some local naval he visited Britain (r.AD 899–924). Normandy, Bere. where he won the prisoners of war. who formed a commander. in AD 342. It became an in France. Battle of Crécy. theatrical troupe. Anglo-Saxon burh, 1563 used to protect 1174 1445 Portchester Castle Wessex from 1216 Portchester was was used as a Viking attack. The castle was Prince Louis of 1796 1369–99 chosen as the military hospital 1811–14 armed with France invaded Richard II landing place for the sick and Portchester took French prisoners catapults and a England and (r.1377–99) for Henry VI’s wounded from the in prisoners of war created a theatre garrison of ten Portchester was improved the (r.1422–61) French French wars. from across the on the ground floor knights was put surrendered to buildings and bride, Margaret of globe, including of the keep. in place. him. built his palace. Anjou. 2,080 black and mixed-race 1583 prisoners from the 1217 Portchester Castle Caribbean. 1814 1984 Portchester Castle was made ready for The last prisoners a Spanish invasion. English Heritage took was taken back of war left the over the running of by Henry III castle. Portchester Castle. (r.1216 –72). PORTCHESTER CASTLE THROUGH THE CASTLE AGES PORTCHESTER 3RD 4TH 5TH 10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH 16TH 17TH 18TH 19TH 20TH CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY PORTCHESTER CASTLE TIMELINE.