Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 25, No. 3 (2013), 1597-1599 http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13371 Synthesis and Stability Study of a New Bimetallic Complex (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 1,* 2 3 S.A. AHMAD , C. POTRATZ and M.A. QADIR 1Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan 2Newmann and Wolfram Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 3Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Tel: +92 333 8255310; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Received: 31 December 2011; Accepted: 24 September 2012) AJC-12169 The present work deals with the preparation and stability study of new bimetallic compound related to hetero bimetallic complex (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5. Mn2(CO)10 cleaved to KMn(CO)5 in the presence of Na/K alloy. CuCl and KMn(CO)5 reacted with triphenyl phosphine in the presence of THF at -78 ºC. It yielded a mixture of (Ph3P)3CuCl and KMn(CO)5. At 0 ºC, this mixture reacted and produced (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 and Ph3P. New product (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 was found very sensitive to oxidation. It decomposed into (Ph3P), Cu and Mn2(CO)10 under vacuum, at room temperature. Key Words: Bimetallic complex, Cu-Mn complex, Heterogeneous catalysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, Stability, Vacuum. INTRODUCTION acceptors and alkyl halides. It is also used in the synthesis of bi aryl compounds, such as in the Suzuki reaction22. Triphenyl There is considerable interest in hetero bimetallic comp- phosphine binds well to most transition metals, especially those lexes containing lanthanide and transition metals. They have in the middle and late transition metals of groups7-10. In terms potential uses as new catalysts1-7 or precursors for new materials, of steric bulk, PPh3 has a cone angle of 145º, which is inter- such as electro ceramic and chemical sensors8-11, fluorescent, mediate between those of P(C6H11)3 (170º) and P(CH3)3 (115º). magnetic properties12-16 and rare earth ortho ferrite materials17-20. In an early application in homogeneous catalysis, NiBr2(PPh3)2 Metal carbonyls are coordination complexes of transition was used by Walter Reppe for the synthesis of acryl ate esters 21 metals with carbon monoxide . These complexes may be from alkynes, carbon monoxide and alcohols23. homoleptic, i.e. contain only CO ligands, such as nickel In the present work, (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 was synthesized carbonyl [Ni(CO)4], but more commonly metal carbonyls and its stability was studied at 0 ºC and room temperature contain a mixture of ligands, such as Re(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridine)Cl. respectively. Carbon monoxide is an important building block for the synthesis for many compounds, e.g. hydroformylation and EXPERIMENTAL metal carbonyl catalysts are central to its utilization. Most metal Required chemicals: Mn2(CO)10 (Merck grade), KH carbonyl complexes contain a mixture of ligands. Examples (Merck grade), THF (Merck grade), CuCl (Merck grade), include the historically important IrCl(CO)(P(C6H5)3)2 and the KMn(CO)5 (Merck grade), Ph3P (Merck Grade), KCl (Merck anti-knock agent (CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3. The parent compounds grade), pentane (analytical grade), toluene (analytical tgrade), for many of these mixed ligand complexes are the binary propanol (analytical grade), dry ice (available at Ohio State z carbonyls, i.e. species of the formula [M(CO)n] . Formulae of University, USA), liquid nitrogen. many metal carbonyls are inferred from the 18-electron rule. General procedure: 361.1 mg (0.926 mmol) Mn2(CO)10 Triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) is a common organo phosphorus cleaved with 95 mg KH (2.37 m mol) in 10 mL of THF. 96.8 mg compound and widely used in the synthesis of organic and CuCl (0.98 mmol) placed in one arm of a two-arm evacuated organo metallic compounds. Triphenyl phosphine exists as reaction vessel. 4.9 mL of a 0.19 N KMn(CO)5-THF solution relatively air stable, colourless crystals at room temperature. (0.94 mmol) was placed in the other arm of flask in a dry box. The properties that guide its usage are its nucleophilicity and Cooled to -196 ºC, evacuated and additional 5.5 mL THF its reducing character. The nucleophilicity of PPh3 indicated condensed in. After mixing both solutions, the mixture stirred its reactivity toward electrophilic alkenes, such as Michael- for 60 h at -78 ºC. The CuCl completely dissolved and a clear 1598 Ahmad et al. Asian J. Chem. -1 deep green solution was obtained, which probably contained [(CO)5MnCuCl] < (CO)5MnCuPPh3 < (CO)5MnCu(PPh3)2 < -1 the anion [(Cl)Mn(CO)5] . The anion was very stable thermally (CO)5MnCu(PPh3)3 → increasing stability. and decomposed above -30 ºC relatively slowly, a stable While (Ph P) CuR was well maintained at room tempe- product was obtained at -78 ºC under nitrogen and 50 mg of 3 3 rature, (Ph P) CuMn(CO) is already decomposed. These two Ph P (2.86 mmol). The solution obtained was of brownish red 3 2 5 3 structures i.e. (Ph P)Cu Mn(CO) and [ClCuMn(CO) ]-1 colour. After 2 h stirring, a lot of colourless solid crystallized 3 5 5 exhibited decomposition at about -30 ºC. Special investi- as (Ph P) CuCl was obtained. The solution stirred over night 3 3 gations into the reaction mechanism of the formation of at 0 ºC and KCl removed through filtration in the dry box. (Ph P)nCu-Mn(CO) compounds could not be presented. After recrystallization from THF/pentane and toluene/pentane, 3 5 Stability of (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5: Experimentally it was 430 mg of complex was isolated. found that product (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 very sensitive to oxida- tion. It decomposed into Ph P, Cu and Mn (CO) under RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3 2 10 vacuum at room temperature. Hetero bimetallic complex Mn2(CO)10 was cleaved to 2(Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 6(Ph3P)3 + 2Cu + Mn2(CO)10 KMn(CO)5 in the presence of Na/K alloy. Findings of reaction schematics: Following observations 2KH + Mn2(CO)10 → 2KMn(CO)5 + H2 lead to the formation of the above scheme: (i) In each case a 2X40.11 389.99 2X234.10 2.016 greenish coloured intermediate existed (for n = 3, 2, 1, 0), At -78 ºC CuCl and KMn(CO) reacted to produce with which at least for n = 0, 1 was frozen at -78 ºC. (ii) So for as, 5 a reaction of the material in the matrix was prevented then no (Ph3P) in the presence of THF. It yielded a mixture of (Ph3P)3 CuCl and KMn(CO) KCl elimination occurred. (iii) An indication for this was that 5 similar anions do generally existed, for example the isolation CuCl + KMn(CO) −78 ºC K[ClCuMn(CO) ] -1 5 → 5 of [Co(CO)4]2Cu . -1 −78 ºC The bond between Cu and Mn in [ClCuMn(CO)5] was K[ClCuMn(CO)5] + 3Ph3P → THF very weak and was easily cleaved with other nucleophiles. So (Ph3P)3CuCl + KMn(CO)5 for example following reactions may be happened: At 0 ºC, this mixture reacted and produced (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 -1 −78 ºC -1 3Ph3P + [ClCuMn(CO)5] → (Ph3P)3CuCl + Mn(CO)5 and Ph3P. -1 -1 -1 -1 0ºC Cl + [ClCuMn(CO)5] → Mn(CO)5 + [CuCl2] (Ph3P)3CuCl + KMn(CO)5 → (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 + (3-n) Ph3P From the observations concerning the general reaction Use of KH: It was found that a yellow precipitate formed path following conclusions can however be shown: contrary to white precipitate. Therefore, experiment was The formation of a neutral compound appears to occur in repeated with the KH instead of Na/K alloy. Consequently, every case through a loose adduct, that is an SN2 mechanism. white precipitate formed but disappeared and then again, a If n = 3, a proposed equivalent analog (i) must be assumed. light yellow precipitate formed. The equilibration of this equilibrium results very rapidly; for example crystalline (Ph3P)CuCl always appeared in excess Cu-Mn bond: Until now, only two complexes of Mn(CO)5 are available in the literature21 which described the single Ph3P, yet not in the presence of free Ph3P. Cu-Mn-δ bond. These two complexes have a copper atom with That the first step is only necessary for n = 3 (similarly a three coordinate chelate ligands with arsenic donor atoms. the last). These compounds were reasonably stable toward the air and water. (Ph3P)3CuCl (Ph3P) + CuCl Replacing the three coordinate ligands with three single coordi- (Ph3P)3CuCl + Mn(CO)5 [(Ph3P)3(Cl)CuMn(CO)5] nating Ph3P ligands altered the stability of (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5. -1 -1 In solution the following equilibrium dominates. [(Ph3P)3(Cl)(CuMn(CO)5] → Cl + (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 (Ph3P) + (Ph3P)2CuMn(CO)5 (Ph3P) + (Ph3P)2CuMn(CO)5 (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5 This also expressed that the appearance of the 31P NMR IR analysis: The IR spectrum has been shown in the Figs. spectrum depends on concentration of free (Ph3P) in the 1 and 2, respectively. Three peaks at 1954, 2022 and 2025 cm-1. solution and that the IR spectra of the CO region of -1 (Ph P) CuMn(CO) and (Ph P) CuMn(CO) were practically Two peaks were missing at 1903 and 1880 cm . 3 3 5 3 2 5 ν -1 identical. The other point essentially reduced to the stability (Ph3P)3CuMn(CO)5: IR Co cm in THF: 2022 w, sharp, of a compound. It was not only very sensitive to oxidation as 1952 s, broad, 1909 w, broad.