Central Africa Public priva te partnershipste in the forestry insector Dry forest in the Sahelian Parklands©AFF © African Forest Forum (Prin t Dat e) All Rights Secondary forest in the southern part of Nigeria© Larwanou Mahamane / AFF 2008 Reserved P a g e | 1 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa About AFF Established in 2007 as a non-political, non-governmental, objective, independent and not for profit international organisation, the African Forest Forum (AFF) is an association of individuals with a commitment to the sustainable management, wise use and conservation of Africa’s forest and tree resources for the socio-economic well-being of its peoples and for the stability and improvement of its environment. AFF exists to voice the concerns of African forestry stakeholders, and to use science, indigenous knowledge, and experience to advocate for the increasing relevance of forests and trees outside forests to peoples’ livelihoods, national economies and the stability of the environment. In this regard, AFF provides independent analysis and advice to national, regional and international institutions and actors on how economic, food security and environmental issues can be addressed through the sustainable management of forests and trees outside forests. Operationally, AFF mobilises resources to address forestry and related issues that cut across countries and different African sub-regions with a view of enhancing the relevance and contribution of forests and trees outside forests to the livelihoods of the people of Africa and stability of their environment. Vision The leading forum that unites all stakeholders in African forestry Mission To contribute to the improvement of the livelihoods of the people of Africa and the environment they live in through the sustainable management and use of tree and forest resources on the African continent. Correct citation: Tieguhong J. C (2017). Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in the Forestry Sector in Central Africa. AFF Report. African Forest Forum, Nairobi. Photo credit: Ituri rainforest in the Republic of the Congo by MONUSCO Photos via https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46293800; Vehicles transporting semi-processed timber from the forest ©Tieguhong Julius Chupezi; Forest logging © AFF/Henri Bouda Copyright © African Forest Forum 2017. All rights reserved. African Forest Forum P.O. Box 30677-00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA Tel: 254 20 722 4203 Fax: +254 20 722 4001 E-mail:[email protected] Website: www.afforum.org Follow us on Twitter @ africanff Like us on Facebook / African Forest Forum Find us on LinkedIn / African Forest Forum (AFF) © African Forest Forum (2017) All Rights Reserved 2 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa Tieguhong Julius Chupezi, PhD © African Forest Forum (2017) All Rights Reserved 3 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ 5 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY .............................................. 10 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Contribution of private forestry sector activities to national economies .................. 12 2. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 14 3. KEY RESULTS OF THE STUDY ................................................................................. 14 3.1 Institutional and legal context for sustainable forest management in Central Africa ..................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Public-private partnership models and approaches in forestry ............................... 15 3.3 Who is harvesting the forests of Central Africa? ..................................................... 18 3.4 Are partnerships in timber business helping regional economies? ......................... 34 3.5 The dilemma ........................................................................................................... 37 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................ 39 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 41 © African Forest Forum (2017) All Rights Reserved 4 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Land area, forest cover, and forest cover proportion ............................................. 12 Table 2: Contribution of the forestry sector to the GDP and employment in countries in Central Africa ....................................................................................................................... 13 Table 3: Laws and regulations governing forest management ............................................ 15 Table 4: Attributes of forest management models in Central Africa ..................................... 16 Table 5: Summary of main features of forest concessions in central African countries ....... 19 Table 6: Priority NTFPs in central African countries ............................................................ 26 Table 7: Status of council forests in Cameroon in 2015 ...................................................... 28 Table 8: Evolution of community forests in Cameroon ........................................................ 29 Table 9: Evolution of the area and volume exploited from community forests ..................... 30 Table 10: Characteristics of sale of standing volume rights in Cameroon (N=111) ............. 31 Table 11: Examples of PPP models in protected areas in Central Africa ............................ 32 Table 12: Value/volume indices based on continental wood flows from DRC ..................... 37 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Categories of wood products in Cameroon .......................................................... 20 Figure 2: Categories of wood products in Gabon ................................................................ 21 Figure 3: Categories of wood products in DRC ................................................................... 21 Figure 4:Trade balance in logs and primary processed wood products (2006-2013) .......... 34 Figure 5: Trade balance for wood furniture (from 2006 to 2013) ......................................... 35 Figure 6:Trade balance for builder wood (from 2006 to 2013) ............................................. 36 Figure 7:Trade balance for cane and bamboo (2006 to 2013) ............................................. 36 © African Forest Forum (2017) All Rights Reserved 5 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AFF African Forest Forum APN African Parks Network CAT Management and Transformation Convention CEEAC Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique Centrale CFs Community Forests CFAD Concession Forestière sous Aménagement Durable CFEs Community Forest Enterprises CIB Congolaise Industrielle de Bois CIBN Compagnie Industrielle des Bois du Niari CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research COMIFAC Commission on Central African Forests CTI Industrial Transformation Convention DRC Democratic Republic of Congo FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIPCAM Fabrique Camerounaise de Parquet GDP Gross Domestic Product Ha Hectare ICCN Congolese Institute for the Conservation of Nature IFO Industrie Forestière de Ouesso INGOs International Non-governmental Organisations ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization LCA Leader in Conservation in Africa MAB Man and Biosphere MEDD Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Conservation de la nature et du Tourisme MEFDD Ministère de l'Economie Forestière et de Développement Durable NA Not applicable NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations NTFPs Non-Timber Forest Products NWFPs Non-Wood Forest Products OCC Office Congolais de Contrôle PGG Permis de Gré à Gré (permit by mutual consent) PFA Permis Forestiers Associés Placam Placages du Cameroun PPP Public Private Partnership RAPAC Réseaux des Aires Protégés en Afrique Centrale RECs Regional Economic Communities © African Forest Forum (2017) All Rights Reserved 6 Public private partnerships in the forestry sector in Central Africa SAFBOIS Société Africaine de Bois SCPFE Service de Contrôle des Produits Forestiers à l'Exportation SCTB Société Camerounaise de Transformation de Bois SEFYD Société d'Exploitation Forestière Yang Dong SFM Sustainable Forest Management SFID Société Forestière et Industrielle de la Doumé SICOFOR Sino Congo Forêt Sida Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SIFORCO Société Industrielle et Forestière du Congo SIM Société Industrielle de Mbang SMP Simple Management Plan SOFORMA Société Forestière et des Matières ligneuses Africaines SODEFOR Société de Développement Forestièr SPWPs Secondary Processed Wood Products SSV