THE PHILIPPINE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION KNOWLEDGE SERIES Water Pollution Prevention and Control Program: The Polomolok Experience Department of Environment and Natural Resources Philippines Water Pollution Prevention and Control Program: The Polomolok Experience Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... iv Acronyms and Abbrevia ons ............................................................................ v The SuSEA Program ......................................................................................... vi I. Background............................................................................................... 1 II. Program Objec ves .................................................................................. 2 III. Study Area ................................................................................................ 3 IV. Water Quality Assessment ....................................................................... 5 V. Pollu on Load Analysis ............................................................................ 7 VI. Water Quality Considera ons ................................................................. 11 VII. Program Design ....................................................................................... 13 VIII. Short-Term Strategies for 2010 Targets .................................................... 14 IX. Ins tu onal Mechanisms ........................................................................ 23 Annexes A. Primer on Developing a Water Pollu on Preven on & Control Program ................................................................................. 24 B. Es mated Cost of Establishing a WPPCP ................................................. 27 Defini on of Terms ........................................................................................... 28 Water Pollu on Preve on and Control Program: The Polomolok Experience We would like to express profound thanks to the following individuals for their invaluable support and commitment. Dir. Eduardo Janairo, Dr. Yolanda Oliveros, Engr. Joselito Riego De Dios, Engr. Rolando San ago, Engr. Luis Cruz, Engr. Gerardo Mogol, and Engr. Ma. Sonabel Anarna (DOH) Dir. Juan Miguel Cuna, Dir. Julian Amador, Asst. Dir. Jonas Leones, Reg. Dir. Datu Tungko Saikol, Engr. Renato Cruz, Engr. Marcelino Rivera (DENR/EMB) Engr. Leoncia Rillon and Engr. Ronnie Salmon (EMB XII) Ms. Jema Sy, Mr. Edkarl Galing, and Ms. Shiela Dela Torre (WB-WSP) Engr. Nael Joseph Cruspero, Engr. Teody Dumagan, Ms. Becky Magante, Engr. Dave Acosta, Engr. Arn Gallengarin of General Santos City; Mr. Ronnie Muno, Engr. Cecil D. Mirasol, Engr. Alex Macabacyao, Engr. Hezel Marullano, Ms. Joyce De Guzman, Mr. Felix Bacaling, Mr. Aducan Nilong, Mr. Efren Cordon, Mr. Virgilio Rubio, Sr., Mr. Asgar Mangelin, Mr. Godofredo Diot, Ms. Avelina Rencio, Mr. Vicente Yungco, Jr., Ms. Anita Ladaran, Mr. Hosna Andiam of LGU Polomolok; Mr. Julian C. Asion, Jr, Ms. May Flor Carlos, Ms. Olivia Merimon, Mr. Rogen Guardaya of LGU T’boli, Engr. Julgen Dajay and Ms. Rene e Bergado of LGU Tupi (LGU Partners) iv The Philippine Sustainable Sanita on Knowledge Series BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan DAO Departmental Administra ve Order cum cubic meter DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources EMB Environmental Management Bureau g gram GenSan General Santos City GIS Geographical Informa on System HRT Hydraulic Reten on Time IEC Informa on, Educa on, and Communica on kg kilogram km kilometer LGU Local Government Unit M million mg/L Milligrams per liter MHO Municipal Health Office MOA Memorandum of Agreement NAA Non-A ainment Areas PHP Philippine Pesos SAU Septage Acceptance Units SMP Septage Management Plan SuSEA Sustainable Sanita on in East Asia TSS Total Suspended Solids WPPCP Water Pollu on Preven on and Control Program WQMA Water Quality Management Area ZODP Zero Open Defeca on Program v Water Pollu on Preve on and Control Program: The Polomolok Experience The Sustainable Sanita on in East Asia Program-Philippine Component (SuSEA) supported by the Water and Sanita on Program (WSP) of the World Bank and the Swedish Interna onal Development Coopera on Agency (SIDA), and implemented through the leadership of the Departments of Health (DOH) and Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), is geared towards increasing access by poor Filipinos, primarily low-income households, to sustainable sanita on services by addressing key demand and supply constraints. Aside from this, the program hopes to learn from local implementa on of sanita on programs as basis for na onal policy and opera onal guidance. SuSEA Philippines commenced in July 23, 2007 as a learning program to support the Government of the Philippines (GoP) update its approaches and interven ons in sanita on and needs that were not present or not addressed in tradi onal sanita on programs that focused on two extremes: 1) toilet-bowl distribu on and hygiene educa on and 2) centralized sewerage systems. The most important of these emerging needs are: Complemen ng interven ons related to the reduc on of risks of sanita on- and poverty-related diseases such as soil transmi ed helminthiasis and acute gastroenteri s Linking sanita on interven ons with environmental objec ves, such as the improvement of water quality and water resources Sanita on in rapidly urbanizing towns and ci es, including the occurrence of disease episodes that aggravate impacts of poor sanita on (such as flooding) on the economy and quality of life of city popula ons Reaching pockets of communi es that comprise the remaining 20% of those without access to basic sanita on, par cularly in the rural areas (among whom include indigenous peoples/cultural minori es) and urban slum communi es. SuSEA-Philippines was designed using four different models as the pla orm for developing specific interven ons (according to themes below). The learning gained and the tools developed from these models served to assist other local governments units (LGUs), as well as informing na onal sanita on policy and programs for GoP-led expansion and scaling up. The four models are: MODEL 1 Disease Preven on and Control – Sanita on interven ons for the eradica on/ reduc on of disease MODEL 2 Water Quality Management – Sanita on interven ons for vi the improvement of water quality within a water quality management area The Philippine Sustainable Sanita on Knowledge Series MODEL 3 Liveable Ci es - Sanita on interven ons for the improvement of quality of life in ci es and low-income urban poor communi es MODEL 4 Sustainable Rural Livelihoods - Sanita on interven ons to support sustained livelihoods in rural areas Six sites par cipated in the main program sub-component of SuSEA. These are: Bauko Municipality in the Mt. Province, Dagupan City in Pangasinan Province, Guiuan Municipality in Eastern Samar Province, General Santos City and Polomolok Municipality in South Cotabato, and Alabel Municipality in Sarangani. The desired outcome in each of the project sites varied according to the model and agreements by the Program Steering Commi ee and the local government. While outcomes varied per site, each of the projects were addi onally intended to provide the LGUs with a fount of informa on on developing and running their own sanita on programs based on the on-field experiences of the SuSEA team and their partners. This informa on has been packaged for your use in a Sustainable Sanita on Knowledge Series, to which this guidebook/report belongs. The reader is encouraged to familiarize himself/herself with all the guidebooks/reports in this series beginning with the Guidebook for Conduc ng a Baseline Study and followed by the Guidebook for Developing a Local Sustainable Sanita on Strategy. What guidebooks/reports you choose to u lize next will be determined by your community’s par cular needs and your LGU’s proposed sanita on programs. On the succeeding page, you will find an illustra on of the various sustainable sanita on programs (SSPs) under the Na onal Sustainable Sanita on Plan (NSSP). For each of these SSPs, SuSEA has also developed materials under the Philippine Sustainable Sanita on Knowledge Series, intended to guide local government units in implemen ng the various sanita on programs and ini a ves in their own area. The informa on gathered in the Knowledge Series is, in turn, based on specific SuSEA projects and ac vi es in each of the six project sites. vii Water Pollu on Preve on and Control Program: The Polomolok Experience Under the Sustainable Sanita on for government units (LGUs) within the East Asia (SuSEA) Philippines watershed into a Model 2 interven on Component, a Water Pollu on that would ins tu onalize water Preven on and Control Program quality management. The LGU (WPPCP) was developed in order to partnership would ini ate the meet the desired outcome of forma on of the WQMA for the reducing the biochemical oxygen Silway River watershed in line with demand (BOD) loading to the Silway the implementa on of the Clean River in South Cotabato by 10% at the Water Act. The desired outcome of end of 2010. The developed program the support package would be the was also intended to support the reduced pollu on load of the Silway designa on of the Silway River Water River. This WPPCP is one of the Quality Management Area (WQMA), outputs of SuSEA for this area. which would encompass the The program iden ed various municipali es of Polomolok, Tupi projects with specific implementa on and T’boli