an inTroducTion To TonGan Teachers’ Guide and supporT MaTerials learninG lanGuaGes series The heilala is the national flower of Tonga. A garland of heilala flowers, like the one shown on the cover, is a culturally significant gift. In this case, it welcomes teachers and learners to the Tongan language and confirms links with the Tongan language guidelines (TiNZC). Gifts of ngatu (tapa cloth) are also culturally important, so they are represented on the cover and in the design of this resource as well. When learners communicate successfully in Tongan, praise them, saying “Faufaua!” (Excellent! Well done!) Published 2010 for the Ministry of Education by CWA New Media, Box 19090, Wellington 6149, New Zealand. www.cwa.co.nz Publishing services by Lift Education, South Pacific Press Design services by ThinkSpace Design Illustrated by Scott Pearson Text copyright © Crown 2010 Illustrations copyright © Crown 2010 Music copyright © Crown 2010 All rights reserved. Enquiries should be made to the publisher. ISBN 978 0 478 34124 9 Further copies may be ordered from Ministry of Education Customer Services, freephone 0800 660 662, freefax 0800 660 663, by email: [email protected] or online at www.thechair.govt.nz Please quote item numbers as follows: Printed material only item number 119411 Complete resource item number 118307 conTenTs Talateu Preface 4 Lea Faka-Tonga The Tongan Language 20 Unit 1 Màlò e Lelei Greetings 23 Unit 2 Fakafe‘iloaki Introductions 48 Unit 3 Fàmili Family 74 Unit 4 Ko e Lokiako The Classroom 93 Unit 5 Lau Mata‘ifika´ Counting 114 Unit 6 Fakamatala‘i ‘o ha Fa‘ahinga Me‘a Describing Things 137 Unit 7 Ko e Taimi´ Time 155 Unit 8 Kàtoanga‘i Celebrating 174 Unit 9 Ngaahi Fiema‘u mo e Manako´ Needs and Preferences 191 Unit 10 ‘Oku Mau Fakahoko atu ‘Emau Ngàue´ Presenting Our Work 207 Unit 11 Kàinga Extended Family 218 Unit 12 Feime‘akai Preparing Food 236 Unit 13 Kai Fakataha Sharing Food 254 Unit 14 Fa‘ahita‘u Seasons 271 Unit 15 Ko e Taimi´ mo e ngaahi Feitu‘u´ Time and Places 290 Unit 16 Ko Hai ‘Oku´ ne Fai ‘a e Ngàue´? Who Does the Work? 310 Unit 17 Ko e Ngaohi ha ‘ù Me‘a Making Things 329 Unit 18 Ko Hono Fua´ Measuring 346 Unit 19 Sipoti Sports 365 Unit 20 ‘Oku Mau Fakahoko atu ‘Emau Ngàue´ Presenting Our Work 382 TalaTeu – preface preface acknowledGMenTs Faufaua! An Introduction to Tongan was developed for the Ministry of Education by CWA New Media, Learning Media, and Lift Education, South Pacific Press. The developers would like to thank Tufutele Finau, Vàleti Finau, and Gail Spence for writing this communicative language resource. An Introduction to Tongan Tèvita Finau, Sifa Pau‘uvale (Phase 1), and Edgar Tu‘inukuafe contributed to the project. The Ministry of Education personnel who guided and supported this project were Fatulatetele Tolo, Senior Advisor, Curriculum Teaching and Learning, and Annette Lole Karepa, National FAUFAUA! Coordinator, Pasifika Languages and Resources. The developers would also like to thank the following for their contributions and advice: Ma‘ata Fusitu‘a, Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate; Tèvita Kaufusi, Southern Cross Campus; Mònika Faeamani Ma‘u, Ministry of Education; Susana Tufulele Nofo‘akifolau, Òtàhuhu Primary School; ‘Ilifeleti Samiu, Clover Park Middle School; Luti Loumaile Pese Tafea, Tamaki Intermediate School; Viliami Vao, Robertson Road School. The schools that trialled the resource were: Northland School; South Wellington Intermediate School; Thorndon School; Titahi Bay Intermediate School. The producers of the DVDs and the CD would like to thank all those in Tonga and New Zealand who assisted with the filming and recording. The cast and crew are acknowledged on the DVD. The Ministry of Education and CWA New Media would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Women’s Affairs, and Culture, in Tonga, for its cooperation and assistance during filming in Tonga. 4 inTroducTion preface Màlò e lelei! Welcome to the Learning Languages Series resource Faufaua! An Introduction to Tongan. This communicative language resource provides an integrated package of materials designed to offer flexible, progressive, entry-level lessons for teachers and students who are new learners of the Tongan language. The design of the resource acknowledges the fact that, as for many teachers, this may be your first association with teaching a Pacific language. It encourages you to adopt the role of the facilitator in the classroom, learning along with the students and, potentially, learning from An Introduction to Tongan them. Please don’t worry, and reassure your students so that they don’t worry, if you don’t understand every aspect of the Tongan culture and some of the Tongan words as you encounter them. FAUFAUA! Learners are not expected to understand everything right away. The DVDs will help you to focus on the target language in context. The presenter identifies the language focus at each step. You will also hear everything you need to say in Tongan on the CDs, and there will be lots of opportunities for practice. Students of Tongan heritage may take advantage of the opportunity to extend their knowledge and use of Tongan and the Tongan culture in schools where Faufaua! An Introduction to Tongan is used. For this reason, the resource includes some learning activities that involve Tongan people. The components of the resource The DVDs The DVDs provide audiovisual material for every unit of the resource except Unit 10 and Unit 20 (which are revision units). Play the DVD material at the beginning of the first lesson of each unit (that is, at the start of Lesson A) to introduce the aspects of the culture and the language covered in the unit. The DVD material for a unit runs for five minutes on average and comprises presenter-linked sequences. These include scenarios set in Tonga and New Zealand that show students communicating in Tongan. The DVDs provide instructional material on aspects of the culture and the language covered in the units as well as further glimpses of the culture and the people of Tonga in both Tonga and in New Zealand. As you and your students view this material, be aware that there are large Tongan communities in Australia and the United States, too. Transcripts of the language scenarios with English translations are at the end of each unit, except in the case of Unit 10 and Unit 20. We recommend repeated viewings, which will help you to implement the language-learning strategy of “a little, often”. For example, some or all of a unit’s DVD material could be shown before the students go to lunch and again at the end of the day – that is, outside language- learning times. The CDs Use the same approach with the audio content on the CDs. The replay button is a valuable tool when learning another language. There’s no need to review all the audio material for a unit – just replay short sections. Audio transcripts are provided at the end of this preface, the lea faka-Tonga section, and all the units except Unit 10 and Unit 20. 5 The Printed Material preface The printed material comprises this preface, a brief section on the language itself, and twenty units. There are three lessons (A, B, and C) in each unit. Each unit has its own: • learning outcomes; • curriculum links; • language knowledge; • cultural knowledge; An Introduction to Tongan • teachers’ notes. Each lesson has its own: FAUFAUA! • learning outcomes; • resource list of the materials that you will need to teach the lesson, listed in the order in which you will need them (some of which are the OHTs, worksheets, and checksheets that are provided at the end of each lesson and some of which you and your students will need to either gather up or make); • lesson outline. Website links Information to support this resource is available at http://learning-languages.tki.org.nz This site offers additional information, links to other websites, and a range of additional support material. As you search for Tongan material online, it helps to know that a Bantu language spoken by over a million people in Africa is also called Tongan. The approach to learning Tongan The New Zealand Curriculum (2007) sets the curriculum direction for New Zealand schools. The curriculum documents that have been published for individual languages are now referred to as language guidelines, as they offer guidance to teachers on matters relating to the specific language they are teaching to support the achievement objectives of the learning languages learning area. For this reason, the reference used in this resource for the publication with the title Tongan in the New Zealand Curriculum (2007) is the Tongan language guidelines (TiNZC). Faufaua! An Introduction to Tongan is a communicative language resource. It is based on levels 1 and 2 of the Tongan language guidelines (TiNZC). This, in turn, is directly linked to The New Zealand Curriculum. The statements for the learning languages area and the level 1 and 2 achievement objectives in The New Zealand Curriculum set the direction for student learning. 6 proficiency descriptor levels 1 and 2 preface Students can understand and use familiar expressions and everyday vocabulary. Students can interact in a simple way in supported situations. The New Zealand Curriculum (learning languages foldout page) Under the heading Communication, the statement for the Learning Languages area at levels 1 and 2 explains that students will develop key competencies in selected linguistic and sociocultural contexts as they work towards the following achievement objectives: • receive and produce information; An Introduction to Tongan • produce and respond to questions and requests; • show social awareness when interacting with others. Under the heading Language Knowledge, the statement says that students will: FAUFAUA! • recognise that the target language is organised in particular ways; • make connections with their own language(s).