http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/en/index.html Introduction In the year 2000, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) replaced the Tokyo Metropolitan Pollution Prevention Ordinance with the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Security Ordinance, which covers countermeasures for vehicle pollution, chemical substances and climate change. The reason for the replacement was a shift in Tokyo’s environmental problems from industrial pollution mainly attributable to factories to urban and domestic pollution due to vehicle emissions and chemical substances, which may sometimes be related to climate change problems. In 2002, we started two programmes on which Tokyo’s present climate change strategy has been based: Tokyo Green Building Program for new buildings and Tokyo Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for existing large facilities. Since 2005, we have been promoting environmentally superior developments by introducing a mechanism to evaluate and disclose facilities’ efforts made in the programmes. In Tokyo’s Big Change - The 10-Year Plan developed in 2006, we set a goal of reducing citywide greenhouse gas emissions by 25% below 2000 levels by 2020 to make Tokyo a city with the least environmental impact in the world. Then in 2007, we announced the Tokyo Climate Change Strategy, which clarified our basic attitude toward tackling climate change for the next 10 years. Following a revision of the Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Security Ordinance in 2008, we launched the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program for large facilities, the world’s first urban cap- and-trade scheme that covers office buildings as well, and the Carbon Reduction Reporting Program for small and medium facilities, committed to advancing our climate change strategy ever since then. We were able to overcome the power crisis brought about by the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 through emergency power saving, leveraging our experience from the climate change strategy, enabling smart and continuous electricity saving and energy efficiency to be rooted in homes and businesses in Tokyo. This report is designed to introduce the framework and accomplishments of the Green Building Policy promoted by Tokyo as a huge energy consumer, focusing on the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program, which has achieved tangible CO2 reductions in the city since its commencement. July 2015 Bureau of Environment Tokyo Metropolitan Government As a massive energy consumer, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has taken pioneering measures for climate change mitigation and energy saving. Fine-tuned to the characteristics of megacities dense with various types of buildings, including offices, our efforts represented by the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program have produced concrete results, owing to support from many businesses, homes, and NGOs in Tokyo. Key to climate change of some whole countries, such as reduction goal, we set another goal of countermeasures in future: Austria. reducing Tokyo’s energy consumption Megacities The commercial and domestic by 20% below 2000 levels by 2020 The more frequent extreme sectors constitute a large share of in March 2014, concentrating on the weather resulting from climate CO2 emissions in Tokyo, where offices energy consumption itself. change has become one of the most and other buildings are concentrated, In December 2014, we set a new serious environmental problems. while the industrial sector, including goal of reducing Tokyo’s energy The Fifth Assessment Report by the factories, accounts for a high consumption by 30% below 2000 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate proportion of CO2 emissions across levels by 2030 in order to continue Change (IPCC) says that climate Japan. and increase the energy saving efforts change is beyond question, and into 2020 and beyond. human activities are very likely to In pursuit of reducing energy be a dominating factor for the rise consumption and GHG 16% reduction achieved in in the world’s average temperature emissions FY2012 with help from people continuing since the mid-20th century. In Tokyo’s Big Change - The 10- and businesses in Tokyo To avoid a climate change crisis, Year Plan developed in December Tokyo’s energy consumption was it is imperative to reduce emissions 2006, the Tokyo Metropolitan reduced by 9.8% below 2000 levels of greenhouse gases, including CO2. Government set a goal of reducing in FY2010, 15% in FY2011 as a In particular, city-led measures will citywide greenhouse gas emissions by result of power saving after the Great become more important as 67% of the 25% below 2000 levels by 2020. To East Japan Earthquake, and 16% in world’s energy is consumed in cities achieve this goal, we have enacted FY2012. and 71% of energy-induced CO2 is and implemented a series of policies, The Tokyo Metropolitan Government emitted from cities. such as the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade was able to overcome the power Program. crisis following the earthquake and Commercial and domestic CO2 emissions originating from has been successful in maintaining sectors responsible for 70% electricity supplied to Tokyo are the downward trend in energy of total CO2 emissions in increasing in spite of reduced energy consumption in the city despite seeing Tokyo consumption since the Great East economic growth. Tokyo’s energy-induced CO2 Japan Earthquake. To clarify the emissions in FY2012 amounted to targets that energy consumers should 64.3 million tonnes, equivalent to those pursue in the context of the 25% 2 Sectoral breakdown of energy- induced CO2 emissions in Tokyo in FY2012 Tokyo 8.5% Transport Indus- trial 18.5% 64.3million tonnes 40.5% Domestic Commercial Buildings account for 32.5% more than 70% of emissions. Energy-induced CO2 emissions by country in FY2012 Source: IEA [CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Highlights (2014 Edition)] China 8,251 USA 5,074 India 1,954 Russia 1,659 Japan 1,223 Germany 755 Korea 593 Energy-induced CO2 Canada 534 UK 457 emissions in Tokyo: Australia 386 France 334 Spain 267 million Malaysia 196 Belgium 105 tonnes Austria 65 64.3 Singapore 50 Tokyo Finland 49 Portugal 46 Sweden 40 Denmark 37 1,000 2,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 百万トン Note: Only major countries are indicated, with countries from China to Canada being actual top eight countries. Transition of energy consumption in Tokyo Transition of energy consumption and economic and future targets index 120 (in petajoules) From 2000 levels 801 ▲16% ▲20% ▲30% Gross production in Tokyo 800 97 723 110 70 671 61 600 245 260 237 100 400 FY2001 results = 100 202 221 90 212 Note: Dotted lines 200 indicate Final energy consumption in Tokyo national 257 levels. 172 161 80 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (FY) 2000 2010 2012 2020 2030 Source: Tokyo Statistical Yearbook, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Target) (Target) National Accounts of Japan, Cabinet Office Outlook for Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand, Agency for Natural ■ Industrial ■ Commercial ■ Domestic ■ Transport Resources and Energy 3 TOKYO GREEN BUILDING REPORT 2015 Current measures for buildings Mechanism for dramatic CO2 reductions in buildings Tokyo’s Three Programmes Promoting Green Buildings Critical challenges for Tokyo include energy efficiency in buildings, including offices and condominiums. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is striving to make itself a low-carbon city by developing effective policies according to building type (new or existing) and size (large or small/medium). Introducing the world’s first Framework of urban cap-and-trade scheme New Existing for large facilities*1 Tokyo Green Building Policy In April 2010, the Tokyo Metropolitan Tokyo Cap- Government started requiring large and-Trade facilities to reduce CO2 emissions Green Program through the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Building Large facilities Program. This programme is not only the Program first cap-and-trade scheme in Japan but also the world’s first urban cap-and-trade Carbon scheme that covers the commercial Reduction sector as well, including office buildings, facilities Reporting which are often concentrated in Program megacities. Small and medium Reporting programme developed to support small Green Building Policy Enhancements and medium facilities*2 2000 2002 2005 2008 2010 For approximately 630,000 small and medium facilities in Tokyo, we launched the Carbon Reduction Reporting Program in April 2010. Carbon Reduction Reporting Program Tokyo Cap-and- (Voluntary reduction programme) Trade Based on submitted data, CO2 Program emissions levels are analysed for each Introducing evaluation Introducing and disclosure mandatory reduction business type and a self-rated index (low programme programme carbon benchmark) is disclosed. We are ● Started in 2002 ● Started in 2005 ● Revised in 2008 ● Started in 2010 Large facilities also enhancing support for small and Enacted in 2000 medium facilities by starting the Carbon Existing Carbon Reduction Report programme targeting small to Reporting Program medium sized leased buildings. Introducing Carbon medium facilities Green Building Plan for new Small and Report buildings to encourage eco- ● 2010 開始 ● 2014 開始 city development Upon construction or extension of buildings larger than a certain Green Building Program size, we request building owners to submit a Green Building Plan, which Introducing Green Introducing Energy New Labelling for shows different aspects of buildings’ Performance Condominiums Certificate environmental consciousness, driving eco-friendly developments and evolution ● Started in 2002 ● Started in 2005 ● Started in 2010 Enacted in 2000 (Enhancing standards)