/E.ry COL UMB/A HMSC GC 856 .0735 D,cop.2 RTMENT of OCEANOGRAPHY I NENALEM R. TILLAMOOK BAY SCHOOL of SCIENCE W OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY I1I 'Il YAO U/NA ICI ALSEA R. PROGRESS REPORT Ecological Studies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Wayne V. Burt, Principal Investigator William O. Forster, Research Coordinator Compiled and Edited by James E. McCauley Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)1750 MARILYN POTTS GUIN LIBRARY RLO-1750-28 HATFIELD MARINE SCIENCE CENTER QPEGON STATE UNIVERSITY Reference 68-7 It.,, wT, OREGON 97365 1 July 1967 through 30 June 1968 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITYIN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFICOCEAN Compiled and Edited by James E. McCauley Principal Investigator:Wayne V. Burt Research Coordinator: William O. Forster Co-Investigators: Andrew G. Carey, Jr. James E. McCauley William G. Pearcy William C. Renfro Department of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 PROGRESS REPORT 1 July 1967 through 30 June 1968 Submitted to U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)1750 Reference 68-7 RLO 1750-28 July 1968 Iii FE C ,, S,;ENCE CENTER 06LEON STATE 'i!'ERSITY E PQW1, OREGON 97365 STAFF Wayne V. Burt, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Associate Dean of Research Andrew G. Carey, Jr., Ph.D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Benthic Ecology William O. Forster, Ph. D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Radiochemistry JamesE. McCauley, Ph.D. Co-Investigator Associate Professor of Oceanography Benthic Ecology William G. Pearcy,Ph. D. Co-Investigator Associate Professor of Oceanography Nekton Ecology William C:;Renfro,,Ph.D., Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Radioecology Mary Ann Alspach,, B.A. Benthic Ecology Rodney J. Eagle,, B. S. Nekton Ecology Thomas F. Guthrie, B.S. Radiochemistry 1. Lauren Larsen, B. Gamma Ray Spectrometry Harriet A., Lorz;. M.S Nekton Ecology Roger R, Paul, B,. S. Benthic Ecology Roger Phelps, B. S. Radiochemistry David A. Tennant, B.S. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry William R. Vermeere, B. S. Gamma Ray Spectrometry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A major expense in oceanographic research is "time at sea." Operations on the* R/V YAQUINA, our primary vessel, were funded by several agencies, with the bulk of the support coming from the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.Certain special cruises of radiochemical or radioecological import were funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, as was much of the equipment for radio-analysis and stable element analysis. Most of the support for student research, plus some of the gamma spectrometry facilities, were provided by the U. S. Public Health Service.We gratefully acknowledge the role of these agencies in support of the research reported in the following pages. ECOLOGICALSTUDIES OFRADIOACTIVITYIN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN TABLE" OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .. Radioanalysis Procedures- Larsen . Stable Element Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry- Wagner, Larsen, Forster. 7 II.RESEARCH IN PROGRESS A.Estuarine Research . ... 9 Seasonal Variation of 65Zn, 54Mn, and 51Cr Radioactivity and Specific Activity in Tissues of Cancer magister Dana- Tennant, Forster . 0 Transfer of Radionuclides Through Marine Food Webs - Renfro . .. 17 Elemental Distribution in Aquatic Environments as Influenced by Indus trial and Domestic Pollutants- Hennebry, Forster . .. 23 Ecology of Columbia River Estuary Plankton Populations- Haertel. .. ... 24 Columbia River Estuary Fishes- Renfro. 27 Influence of Preservation and Storage on Radio- zinc and Total Zinc Concentrations in Fish- Renfro, Phelps, Guthrie. 32 Phosphorus Turnover in the Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus)- Romberg, Forster, Renfro . 37 B.Radiochemistry. .. .. 38 In Situ Probe Detection of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary- Larsen, Renfro, Forster. 39 Distribution of Zinc-65/Cobalt-60 Ratios on Fractionated Sediments- Delaplane, Forster, Renfro 41 Sb-124 and Cr-51 in the Lower Columbia River Water - Pope, Forster, Renfro . .... 42 Vanadium Distribution in the Flora and Fauna of the Lower Columbia River - Dyer, Forster, Renfro. 43 Chemical Watermass Tracer - Hanson, Forster 45 Medium Volume Precipitation Versus Large Volume Precipitation - Forster, Larsen, Renfro. 47 An Environmental and Radioecological Study at a Northeast Pacific Ocean Station 350 Miles off Newport, Oregon- Robertson, Forster,Rieck . 51 C.Chemical Studies . 68 Elemental Composition of North Pacific Foraminifera - Forster, Fowler, Ozawa. 69 Extraterrestrial Material Influx as Determined in Deep-Sea Sediments - Stanford, Forster . 71 Specific Activity of Zinc-65 in Natural Water - Forster Guthrie ,. .. .. 72 MediumVolume Precipitation Techniques Combined with In Situ Probe Detection-Forster, Hanson, Larsen . 82 Chemistry of the Columbia River System - Park, Forster . 88 D.Radiobiology . .. 100 Activity. of Tagged Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean-Forster, Loeffel . 102 Radioisotope Measurements in Pacific Salmon- Kujala, Forster . 104 Pb-210-Po-210 in Marine Organisms - Beasley. 106 Rates of Uptake and Loss of Zinc-65 by a Short Laboratory Food Chain. 107 Biological Tracer of Radioactive Columbia River Effluent Upon Entering the Marine Environment - Vermeere . 109 Relative Specific Activity Changes with Zinc-65 Accumulation from Food and Water in Rockfish of the Genus Sebastodes - Nievaard, Forster, Renfro. 116 Distribution of Radionuclides in the Anadromous Fish Populations of Northeastern Oregon - Holton, Burham, Moore . 128 F.Ecology and Radioecology of Oceanic Animals. 130 Species Associations of Benthic Fishes on the Continental Shelf and Slope off Oregon -Day, Pearcy . 133 Electrical Cable - Opening-Closing Net System for Sampling Pelagic Animals at Discrete Depths - Mesecar, Eagle, Pearcy. 152 Zinc-65 Specific Activities: Pelagic Animals and Surface Water in the Vicinity of the Columbia River Plume - Pearcy, Forster , , . 154 Trophic Ecology and Radioecology of Benthic Fishes - Eagle, Pearcy. 160 Radio-zinc, Total Zinc, and Specific Activities of the Hake, Merluccius productus - Pearcy, Eagle 161 Oxygen Consumption of Euphausia pacifica: the Lack of a Diel Rhythm or Light-dark ec and a Comparison of Techniques - Pearcy, Theilacker, Lasker . 163 Growth and Population Size-Structure of Euphausia pacifica - Smiles 164 G.Radioecology and Ecology of Benthic Animals , , 165 A New BeamTrawl for Quantitatively Sampling. Large Epi-Benthos - Carey, Paul , . , , , . 167 A Modification of the Smith-McIntyre Grab for Simultaneous Collection of Sediment and Bottom Water - Carey, Paul . , . 173 Quantitative Sampling of the Large Epifauna-Carey, Stander. 175 Estimation of Macro-Epifaunal Abundance by Bottom Photography- Carey, Stander . 178 Organic Content of Sediments - Carey, Paul , . 183 Distribution of Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments Northeast Pacific Ocean - Gross, Carey, Fowler, Kulm .. 184 . .. Feeding Habits of Sublittoral, Bathyal, and Abyssal- Asteroids off Oregon - Carey . 187 A Tentative Checklist of Selected Groups of Invertebrates from Otter Trawl and Dredge Collections off Oregon-McCauley . 191 Deep-Sea Sedimentation and Sediment-Fauna Interaction in CascadiaChannel andon Cascadia Abyssal Plain-Griggs,Kulm,Carey. 202 III. STUDENT PARTICIPATION. 229 THESES (Abstracts). 234, Behavior of Certain Radionuclides in a Marine Benthic Amphipod - Cross `. 234 Radioecology of65Znin an Arm of the Columbia River - Renfro . 235 Effects of 60Co Gamma Irradiation on the Reproduc- tive Performance, of the Brine Shrimp, Artemia- 236 Holton. Iron-55 in Pacific Ocean Organisms - Jennings . 237 Ecological Aspects of Two Wood-boring Molluscs from the Continental Terrace off Oregon - Tipper . 238 Some Aspects of the Biology of the Deep-Sea Holo- thuroid Paelopatides sp.. 239 'Sound Scattering by Marine Organisms in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean - Donaldson . 239 Distribution of 65Zn, 54Mn, 51Cr in the Tissues of the Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister Dana - Tennant. 240 Distribution of Benthic Fishes on the Continental Shelf and Slope of the Oregon Coast- Day . 241 IV.PAPERS PRESENTED AND MEETINGS ATTENDED. 243 ... Meetings . 243 Papers ,. 246 Fallout Radionuclides (55Fe and 54Mn) as Indicators of Salmon Migration in the Northeast Pacific Relative to Neutron Activated Radionuclide(65Zn)- 246 Forster. ... Stable Element Analysis in Radioecology - Forster. 251 Radioecological Studies by the Oregon State University Oceanography Department - Forster, Renfro . 258 Abstracts . 264 Biological Tracer of Radio-Active Columbia River Effluent Upon Entering the Marine Environment - Vermeere, Forster, Osterberg . ... .. 264 65 Dynamics ofZn in Biota of the Columbia River Estuary - Renfro, Forster. , . .. 265 Radioecological Studies in the Columbia River Estuary - R enfro. ... 266 V. REPRINTS. 267 Ecology of Zooplankton, Benthos and Fishes in the Columbia River Estuary - Haertel, Osterberg . 267 Status of the Heart Urchin, Brisaster latifrons - McCauley. .. 281 Echinoidea of Oregon - McCauley, Carey . 289 Seasonal Occurrence and Size Distribution of Postlarval Brown and White Shrimp near Galveston, Texas, with notes on Species Identification - Baxter, R enf ro . 306 Book Review - Renfro . 316 VI. PUBLICATIONS . .. 317 Publications of the Department of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Dealing with the Ecology and Radioecology of the Columbia River and Adjacent Pacific Ocean - McCauley . 317 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER