Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Volume 49, Special Edition K2, (pp. 144 – 151) 2017 Research on the ecology spatial pattern of basic farmland guided by the concept of “negative planning” X. Lan*, Z. Q. Wang, C. Wei, L. G. Zhang School of Public Management, China University of Geosciences (CUG), No.388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China Received August 15, 2017, Revised November 15, 2017 After the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China had been launched successfully, the Chinese government showed confidence by improving the ecological environment of the whole country in changing the traditional planning method which considers the social and economic benefits rather than the ecological one. In this paper, the simulation experiment tries to delimit an area of ecological infrastructure with the guidance of the “security pattern” and “negative planning” concept which has a more favorable index of ecological environment than the traditional way in the spatial pattern planning of basic farmland. The results show that the new planning provides more high-quality and less fragmentary cultivated land than the traditional one, and the cultivated land is more adaptable in biodiversity and producing activity, which is in line with the development of environmental policies of the Chinese government and the global sustainable development. Keywords: Negative planning, Security pattern of ecological infrastructure, Basic farmland protection, Spatial pattern, Baokang county INTRODUCTION division [3-6]. In China, some scholars have proposed that when protecting arable land, we As a core part of Chinese “keep farmland in 1.8 should pay more attention to its multifunctionality, billion mu (approximately 120 million hectares)” specify the reasonable direction of usage and carry policy, the protection of basic farmland should be out the practical plans for usage, enhancing the attended to with great importance, whether in laws mobility of protecting the cultivated land [7-9]. and regulations or planning and coordination. Since 2002, Professor Yu Kongjian has proposed the However, due to the accelerated rate of urbanization, term “anti-planning” and has combined it with urban the construction land is in short supply and as a planning [10-12]. Many other experts and scholars result, certain farmlands with high yield and quality have also begun to study the integration of “anti- of grain production are occupied. In the land planning” and planning on land and urban areas, planning (i.e. basic farmland planning), in order to such as making new, comprehensive plans with meet the largest investment and the best urban ecological security, grain security and rational use of development, some local governments will construction as their core, protecting the land from customize certain preferential policies for the being polluted and optimizing the overall land targeted investors, and at the same time, in order to pattern through negative planning [13,14]. achieve the quantitative index on basic farmland On the basis of “negative planning”, this paper asked by the upper governments, they often stick to sticks to the principle of protecting the regional the principle of “label the bad lands instead of the ecology and ensuring the sustainable development. good ones; label the far away lands instead of the Combining the regional agricultural land closer ones” [1], which leads to a drop of land classification, this paper studies the spatial pattern of quality. Also, some of the construction projects and basic farmland protection in Baokang county, in land usages may cut the farmland into pieces, which order to set a comprehensive evaluation system not only affects the continuity of basic farmland, but which can maximize the fundamental and also destroys the ecological environment. Due to derivational functions of arable land. According to this, the function of arable land cannot be played the study, on the one hand, protection of farmland, fully. ecology and landscape can be achieved; on the other Since the 1980s, the overseas scholars have hand, the avoidance of destruction and waste of high- improved the recognition on arable land protection quality arable land can be met to improve the from social and economic benefits to the ecological sustainability of arable land on the aspects of its function [2], and have gradually moved the focus to multifunctionality. the improvement of environmental damage caused by the deagriculturalization of arable land, protection Introduction of the study area, data resources and of ecology and innovation of criteria of farmland research methods Baokang county is located in the northwest To whom all correspondence should be sent: mountainous area of Hubei province, and southwest E-mail: [email protected] of Xiangyang city, with a longitude of 110°45´— 144 2017 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria Xn. La et al.: Research on the ecology spatial pattern of basic farmland guided by the concept … 111°33´, and a latitude of 31°21´—32°06´. It is the actual unit area yield of cultivated land in only mountainous county in Xiangyang city, east to agricultural land gradation evaluation. The particular Nanzhang county, west to Shennongjia area, south to formula is expressed as: Yuan'an, Yiling and Xingshan, and north to Gucheng and Fang counties. In 2010, the total land area of the = (1) county was 322152.57 hectares, agricultural land of 1 which was 309460.51 hectares, accounting for 96.06% = (2) of the total area; and construction land was 8376.41 hectares, accounting for 2.6% of the total area; the 2 rest was 4315.65 hectares, accounting for 1.34% of = × (3) the total area. 2 where Q1i is the actual1 productivity2 advantage The basic data come from the “county-level th � index of the i unit; Ci and Cq represent the actual overall plan of land utilization in Baokang county unit area yield of cultivated land of of the ith unit and (2006-2020)”, farmland classification report of the average actual unit area yield of cultivated land Baokang county and base information of “The of the whole county, respectively; Q2i represents the second land survey data and updating data of theoretical productivity advantage index while ti and Baokang county”. The geological hazard data are in tq represent the theoretical unit area yield of the “Prevented and cured plan of geological disasters cultivated land of of the ith unit and the average actual from 2006 to 2020”. The socioeconomic data come unit area yield of cultivated land of the whole county, out of the “Statistical yearbook of Hubei province in respectively; Qi means the comprehensive 2005 to 2010” and “Statistical yearbook of Xiangfan productivity index of cultivated land of the ith unit. city”. Qi value is greater than 1, which shows that the The research is based on the comprehensive comprehensive productivity of this unit is higher productivity of agricultural land gradation evaluation than the average level of the county. The higher the of cultivated land, determination of the spatial Qi value, the higher is the comprehensive distribution of cultivated land, delimitation of an productivity of the unit area, also meaning that the area of ecological infrastructure (or EI zone) with the comprehensive quality of the cultivated land is better. guidance of “security pattern” and “negative Qi value is less than 1, which shows that the planning” concept. The spatial distribution of comprehensive production capacity of this unit is cultivated land and EI zone was analyzed by GIS lower than the county average. software, and the spatial distribution of cultivated With cultivated land comprehensive productivity land which is inside or outside the EI zone was advantage index, the comprehensive productivity of finally obtained and a new pattern of farmland cultivated land in Baokang county and the protection was established (Fig.1). comprehensive quality of cultivated land can be EXPERIMENTAL evaluated. The research divides cultivated land comprehensive productivity advantage index into Research analysis and calculation five levels using ArcGIS. The first level is the Comprehensive productivity index of cultivated highest quality of cultivated land, and the fifth level land can be figured out from the theoretical and is the relatively poor quality of cultivated land. Fig.1. Location of study area. The administrative divisions are: 1: Hubei Province, 2: Xiangyang City, 3: Baokang County. 145 Xn. La et al.: Research on the ecology spatial pattern of basic farmland guided by the concept … Figure 2 shows that the distribution of basic Table 1. Classification assessment of conservation of farmland should be planned from the high-quality water and soil in Baokang county level to the low-quality level according to the spatial Forest River and Hazardous Level Slope (°) distribution of cultivated land quality grade and the land types reservoir (m) geological area spatial distribution of the EI zone. High Demand forecasting of basic Analysis of the current situation of the farmland research area 1 > 25 Woodland 0-150 occurrence Quantity determination of the basic area farmland Medium Spatial Pattern of Basic Farmland Protection Guided by the Ecology 2 15~25 Shrubland 150-450 occurrence Concept of Negative Planning “Negative Planning” concept area Low Gradation results of regional and Security pattern national cultivated land 3 0~15 Others 450-600 occurrence Defined area of Determination of cultivated area ecological infrastructure land spatial layout Security patterns of biological conservation Spatial distribution of cultivated land in EI zone Wildlife in Baokang county is abundant, while New pattern of farmland Spatial overlay analysis protection the forest coverage rate of the total land area is 79%. Fig. 2. Research approach But due to the infrastructure construction (such as large transport and water conservancy) and the The overall planning of the EI zone development of the industrial park, those series of The overall planning of regional EI analysis human activities make the destruction of habitat includes three kinds of process in Baokang county increasingly serious.