Forest Plan Revision DEIS Heritage Resources Specialist Report FINAL Submitted by: __/s/ _________________________ Peter J. Pilles, Jr., Coconino National Forest, Forest Archaeologist Preparers and Contributors section: Peter J. Pilles, Jr. Education: BA, Arizona State University, 1967 Years of Experience: 45 for: Coconino National Forest Date: June 30, 2011 Revised: Sept. 9, 2013 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) Preface The information in this specialist report reflects analysis that was completed prior to and in conjunction with the completion of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the revision of the 1987 Coconino National Forest Land Management Plan (the Plan). The primary purpose of specialist reports associated with the DEIS is to provide detailed information to assist in the preparation of the DEIS. As the DEIS was prepared, review-driven edits to the broader DEIS resulted in modifications to some of the information contained in some of the specialist reports. As a result, some reports no longer contain information and analysis that was updated through an interdisciplinary review process and is included in the DEIS in its entirety. This is a complete specialist report which includes all the information that was summarized in the DEIS and other supplemental information. Efforts have been made to ensure that the retained information in the specialist reports is consistent with the DEIS. If inconsistencies exist between specialist reports and the DEIS, the DEIS should be regarded as the most current, accurate source of analysis. i Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Policy that Apply............................................................... 1 Laws ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Executive Orders .................................................................................................................................... 4 Regulations and Federal Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 4 USFS Manual and Handbooks ................................................................................................................ 5 Tribal Consultation ................................................................................................................................. 7 Methodology and Analysis Process .......................................................................................... 7 Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Archaeological Site Density ................................................................................................................... 8 Issues Addressed in this Analysis ........................................................................................................... 9 Current Issues .......................................................................................................................... 10 Collections Management ...................................................................................................................... 10 Developed Interpretive Sites ................................................................................................................. 11 Tribal Relations .................................................................................................................................... 11 Summary of Alternatives ........................................................................................................ 11 Alternative A – the 1987 Plan .............................................................................................................. 12 Plan components common to Alternatives B, C and D......................................................................... 13 Alternative B ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Alternative C ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Alternative D ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Description of Affected Environment .............................................................................14 Cultural History Overview of the Coconino National Forest .............................................. 14 Cooperating Institutions and Agencies ................................................................................................. 17 Tribal Relations .................................................................................................................................... 18 Heritage Resources – Current Condition .............................................................................. 19 Archaeological Survey Coverage ......................................................................................................... 20 Archaeological Site Condition .............................................................................................................. 21 Forest Uses and Impacts to Archaeological Sites ................................................................................. 22 The Heritage Program of the Coconino National Forest ..................................................... 26 Project Clearances ................................................................................................................................ 26 Site Protection – Vandalism and Pot hunting ....................................................................................... 27 Site Stabilization and Repair ................................................................................................................ 28 Site Enhancement and Interpretation .................................................................................................... 28 Research 37 Curation of Collections ........................................................................................................... 38 Tribal Relations .................................................................................................................................... 39 Environmental Consequences and Cumulative Effects ................................................40 Common to All Alternatives ................................................................................................... 40 Project Clearances ................................................................................................................................ 40 Site Protection ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Enhancement and Interpretation ........................................................................................................... 41 Alternative A ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Alternative B ........................................................................................................................................ 48 Alternative C ........................................................................................................................................ 55 iii Alternative D ........................................................................................................................................ 56 Relationship of Short-Term Uses and Long-Term Productivity: ................................58 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts ................................................................................................ 58 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources .................................................. 58 Adaptive Management ............................................................................................................ 58 References .........................................................................................................................59 Specialist Information .....................................................................................................61 Report Preparer: ..................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix 1. Summary of Tribal Consultation on the Forest Plan ..............................62 Appendix 2. Desired Conditions for Heritage and Tribal Resources ..........................64 Objectives for Heritage Site