Contents Population Council 2 Board of Trustees and Officers 5 From the President 6 Regional Director's Message 7 Programme Highlights 9 Looking Ahead 47 Publications 49 Fellows 52 Awards and Contracts 53 Partner Institutions 55 Sources of Support 57 Council Staff 58 Council Offices 59 The Population Council’s Web site at www.popcouncil.org contains information about Council research and programmes, fellowships, publications, news releases, and job opportunities. 2 POPULATION COUNCIL – SOUTH AND EAST ASIA Population Council The Population Council, an international, nonprofit, nongovernmental organisation established in 1952, seeks to improve the well-being and reproductive health of current and future generations around the world and to help achieve a humane, equitable, and sustainable balance between people and resources. The Council’s activities include: • conducting fundamental biomedical research in reproduction; • developing contraceptives and other products for improvement of reproductive health; • doing studies to improve the quality and outreach of services related to family planning, HIV/AIDS, and reproductive health; • conducting research on reproductive health and behaviour, family structure and function, and causes and consequences of population growth; • strengthening professional resources in developing countries through collaborative research, awards, fellowships, and training; • publishing innovative research in peer-reviewed journals, books, and working papers, and communicating research results to key audiences around the world. Research and programmes are carried out by the Center for Biomedical Research, the International Programs Division, and the Policy Research Division. Council headquarters and the Center for Biomedical Research are located in New York City; the Council also maintains an office in Washington, DC, and an international presence through its five regional offices and 13 country offices. The Council staff consists of nearly 600 women and men from 60 countries, over a third of whom hold advanced degrees. Roughly 50 percent are based in developing countries. Council staff members conduct research and programmes in over 50 countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The Council is governed by a board of trustees composed of men and women from 8 countries. This group includes leaders in biomedicine, business, economic development, health, the media, philanthropy, and social science. The organisation’s funds come from governments, multilateral organisations, foundations and other nongovernmental organisations, corporations, individuals, and internal sources. The Council’s expenditures for 2001 were US$ 70.2 million. REGIONALREGIONAL ANNUAL ANNUAL REPORT REPORT 2001 2001 33 Global Areas of Research and Training Contraceptive and reproductive health product Family planning development Expanding contraceptive choice Vaginal rings for contraceptive and therapeutic use Expanding community-based distribution of family planning Subdermal implants for women and men Effect of improved quality of care on family planning Transdermal products for women and men Quality of services in China, Pakistan, and Vietnam Intrauterine delivery systems Experimental programmes in family planning Microbicides Causes of unmet need for contraception Immunocontraceptives for men Diffusion of fertility-control behaviour Probing studies in female and male contraception Transitions in reproductive behaviour Reproductive physiology Gender, family, and development Receptors and transcription Gender-sensitive policy for adolescents Genetic mechanisms of androgen action Male-female partnerships and social support for women’s Physiology of Sertoli cells reproductive health Development and physiology of Leydig cells Youth livelihood studies Testicular proteins Germ cell dynamics Transition to adulthood Cellular mechanisms of implantation Adolescent reproductive behaviour Transmission of HIV Schooling and employment Population and development policy Strengthening professional resources Consequences of urban growth Biomedical fellowship programme Investing in children Christopher Tietze Fellowship Population policy options Middle East Research Awards Programme Population and poverty African Population and Health Research Centre Population aging Vietnam fellowship programme Enhanced capacity of nongovernmental organisations in Reproductive health Guatemala and Iran Quality of reproductive health and obstetric services Use of operations research results in developing countries Unwanted pregnancy and the consequences of unsafe Social science fellowships abortion Ghana fellowships New approaches to postpartum care Safe motherhood HIV/AIDS/STIs Reproductive health needs of adolescents and Development and acceptability of vaginal microbicides refugees Integration of HIV/AIDS/STI services with reproductive Female genital cutting health programmes More effective ways to prevent HIV transmission and to provide care and support to persons infected with or affected by HIV/AIDS 4 POPULATION COUNCIL – SOUTH AND EAST ASIA International Programs Division The South and East Asia regional office falls within the purview of the Council’s International Programs Division. The division undertakes collaborative research with governments, non-governmental organisations, and scientific institutions in developing countries to improve delivery of reproductive health, family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention and care services; to enhance understanding of the determinants of reproductive and sexual behaviour; and to encourage greater attention to gender and male-female partnership issues. This work also includes training, technical assistance, and dissemination of information. The division works toward broadening the scope of population and health policy through research, analysis, and technical collaboration. Strengthening professional resources in developing countries is an objective of all programmatic activities. Staff in the Horizons programme carry out action-oriented research on promising strategies for preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS, ensuring high-quality care and support, and mitigating the effects of the epidemic. Staff in the Frontiers in Reproductive Health programme conduct research to develop and test innovative solutions to reproductive health service-delivery problems. Frontiers staff also communicate evidence to key policy-makers and programme managers and develop the capacity of institutions to implement and sustain client-centred programmes. The Robert H. Ebert Program on Critical Issues in Reproductive Health explores such issues as medical abortion and the consequences of unsafe abortion, post-partum care and safe motherhood, expanding contraceptive choice, and preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The Gender, Family, and Development programme examines the ways that social, economic, and cultural factors affect individuals’ reproductive and sexual health, with an emphasis on policy and programme development for adolescents. Work is developed, implemented, and evaluated by the interregional offices in New York and Washington, DC, five regional offices, and 13 country offices in partnership with service and research organisations around the world. Purnima Mane, vice president, heads the International Programs Division. Anrudh Jain is senior director of policy and regional programs. Interregional directors are Judith Bruce (Gender, Family and Development) and Beverly Winikoff (Reproductive Health). The two projects housed in the Washington, DC office are headed by John Townsend (director, Frontiers in Reproductive Health) and Andrew Fisher (director, Horizons). The division’s staff of 373 includes 222 health and social scientists and other professionals. REGIONAL ANNUAL REPORT 2001 5 2001 Board of Trustees Rodney B. Wagner* George Benneh Charles Klein* Chairman of the Board Professor Managing Director Vice Chairman of the Board University of Ghana American Securities (retired) Legon, Ghana New York, New York, USA J. P. Morgan Chase New York, New York, USA Basma Bint Talal Florence Manguyu Chairperson Consultant Pediatrician Elizabeth J. McCormack* Board of Trustees Nairobi, Kenya Vice Chairman of the Board The Jordanian Hashemite Fund Associate for Human Development Robert B. Millard* Rockefeller Associates Amman, Jordan Managing Director New York, New York, USA Lehman Brothers Inc. Nancy Birdsall New York, New York, USA Linda G. Martin* President President The Center for Global Samuel H. Preston Population Council Development Dean New York, New York, USA Washington, DC, USA School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Abdullahi An-Na’im1 Abraham E. Cohen2 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Professor of Law New York, New York, USA Emory University Torsten Wiesel* Atlanta, Georgia, USA Demissie Habte* President Emeritus Consulting Health Specialist Rockefeller University Alaka Basu The World Bank New York, New York, USA Senior Research Associate Washington, DC, USA Division of Nutritional Sciences Yoshio Hatano Cornell University President * Executive Committee member 1 Ithaca, New York, USA Foreign Press Center Board and Executive Committee member until April 30, 2001 Tokyo, Japan 2 Board member until June 30, 2001 3 Werner Holzer 3 Board and Executive Committee Bad Homburg, Germany member until June 30, 2001 2001 Officers Rodney B. Wagner John Bongaarts Chairman of the Board Vice President – Policy Research Division Elizabeth J. McCormack Elof D. B. Johansson Vice Chairman of