cfsB I lß.e| I I MTHORN LIGHTING Publication No. tl4Z18 tì DISCHARGE LAMPS n :È fr *") --7 Õ + U ü '-- rq þ Ctntents o Section One Bottled Lightning 4,5 Typical Lamp Construction 6 Discharge Lamp Designations 7 Economic Story 8,9 Light Output Comparison 10 Starting of Discharge Lamps 11 Quality Story 12 Colour Story t3,1.4,15 Lumen Maintenance and Life Survival t6, 17 o Section Two SO)ISOX-E 18, 19 SON 20,21. SON DL 22,23 SON-TVSON.:TD 24,25 MBI/¡dBIF 26,27 MBIL 28,29 CSI 30, 31 MBIJI 32,33 MBFA4BFR 34,35 MBFSD 36,37 Lamps for Special Applications 38, 39 O Section Three Eleclrical Data 40 Circuit Diagrams 41. Physical Characteristics 42,43 Line Drawings of Discharge Lamps M,45 Guidance for Luminaire Manufacturers 46 Guide for Installation, Operation and Disposal of Discharge Lamps 47 Spectral Power Distribution 48,49 Data Sheets 50 o J o o With mercury discharge lamps the basic visible radiation A high intensity discharge lamp will only operate at its comes from wavelengths in the blue/green region of the nominal wattage if the lamp voltage and the supply spectrum. Unlike sodium lamps there is also radiation in voltages are also nominal. For mercury and metal halide the ultra violet region. This invisible radiation can be lamps the lamp voltage remains about the same through converted into useful visible light by coating the inside of life. However because of manufacturing tolerances there the outer lamp envelope with a phosphor material. will be a variation for individual lamps. radiation at one Phosphors have the property of absorbing With high pressure sodium lamps the lamp voltage rises a wavelength. wavelength and transmitting it at <iifferent through life and the control gear should be such as to it is to absorb By selecting the right phosphors possible minimise the change in lamp watts. the UV radiation and to transmit the energy in the colour bands in which the mercury metal is deficient. There has The characteristics of a discharge lamp are related to the o been considerable phosphor development over the past arc tube vapour pressure. High intensity discharge lamps 30 years for fluorescent tubes, which are one form of low are containèd within an outerbulbwhich ensures thermal pressure mercury lamp, and for colour television screens. stability of the arc tube. For this reason the lamps will operate over a wide ambient temperature range without A second way of improving the colour of mercury lamps significant performance variation. has been available since the sixties and is by adding other metals into the arc tube. As each metal has its own colour characteristics it is possible to produce a wide range of lamps with differing colour appearance and colour rendering properties. The amounts of metal required to make the correct dose for alamp are veryminute and the proportions highly critical. It was found more convenient and accurate to use metalhalides during manufacture and thus they have become known as metal halide lamps, when multi-metal discharge lamps would be a truer description. o F X-amp Ce>msåreacååc;xx o Typical mercury lamp construction (elliptical) Outerbulb Goliath Edison screw electrode (with Yttrium Vanadate cap (nickel coated) Phosphor coating) Arc tube support Molybdenum foiÌ Arc tube pinch o Lead wires 8as Quartz arc tube filling containing mercury Typical sodium lamp construction (tubular) Goliath Edison screw Outer bulb (weather resistant cap (nickel coated) o glass impervious to A¡c mount Vacuum climatic conditions) (ensures efficienry of arc tube by temperature) arc tube Arc seal containing sodium Plug o 6 ffiåscåxmrgc å,mffiäå> å)*roågxeeaåå*N^xs o \Â/hat do the names of discharge lamps mean? Restrictions are indicated on the product pages and explained under "physical characteristics". Where no UK designations of discharge lamps are built up from the restriction is shown the lamp may be operated in any components of the lamp and examples are shown below. position. In addition to these designations, further suffixes denote restrictions in operating position. e.g. MBF which should strictly be designated MBFru "UNIVERSAI.í'. Basic arc tube filling M SO Mercury Sodium o Operating pressure B-High N-High C-Low(fluo. tube) X-Low Metalhalide additives I to arc tube Iodide Fluorescent phosphor coating FF onouterbulb o Linearbare arc L Reflectorbulb R R I I MBI MBIL MBIF MBF MBFR SON SONR SOX Suftixes Denoti.g Bulb Shape Elliptical SON-E Tubular MBITT SON-I o Tubular double cap SONJTD o Butitis road-lighting which is probably the essence of the almost twice as long so that drastic savings can be made economic story where discharge lamps are concerned. on maintenance and replacement costs. In addition, SON The thousands of operating hours which road-lighting lamps are far more robust and less sensitive to vibration uses requires extremely efficient lighting as cheaply as than SOX lamps so that in arduous situations such as possible. Thorn Lighting has responded to this need by motorways, SON should be used. SOX, or low pressure sodium offering three solutions: Discharge Lighting cannot be ignored because wherever lamps are the most efficient light sources in terms of it is used it saves money. \¡Vhether these savings are made In converting electrical energy into visible light. other in the amount of powér consumed or the amtrunt of words SOX lamps produce the highest lumen output for money spent on maintaining your lighting installation, each energy used than any other light source watt of discharge lighting provides an economical alternative for available. Further savings made by using the newly an increasingly diverse variety of applications - interior developed SOX-E lamp with special control gear. The and exterior, industrial, commercial or display, road- is SON, or high pressure sodium, which third option lighting and so on. offers far better quality light than SOX. Although the efficacy of SON is lower than SOX, the life of the lamps is o o -, f: :r :l ul .r mtlr^E Ûl [tlIll: d ¡ ¡ :ì.r ilJ lI llli itl t10 :l¡,ala lr l. lll t il, il llll tll m t{Jl.jiiin fl tllt iÜ ltft. lLl ¡l , .¡) 'l l. l ,i.lil. :Ii ttå .1. i'a ilTll i'' lr l. lL t ll, :l lli lU, l.ñ lü l1 läli :1. flfr -: - ' i..r1 fi i .i a il il rt¡rlr.i tô i.¡ ,. l:j:;'ill tI tl ¡¡-l ¡ U ffi 6,r*re{g û Ëqdfrfl tr ¡r t l l --LLÉ o Municipality Planning Building, Abu Dhabt 9 $*ågåx* üwåpwå C*sæë>edsffiKã o The histogram shows the relative light outputs available With long lamp life and good lumen maintenance, from lamp types in general use. discharge lamps provide the most economicallighting for many applications. It can be seen that discharge lamps offer efficacies and a range of outputs unmatched by any other lamp type. The meaning of discharge lamp names is given on page 7. Light Output Comparison Initial Lumens White Pluslux Tungsten FluorescentTube GLS Halogen SOX 36W 3L40 150W 21.40 200w 3100 18W 1800 58W 5000 300w 4550 300w 5000 35W 4600 100w 8800 500w 8200 500w 9500 55W 7650 750W 13100 750W 15000 90w 12750 1000w 18400 1000w 21000 135W 22000 1s00w 33000 MBF MBI SON 50w 2000 150W 12000 50w 3500 80w 3850 250W 19000 70w 6000 r25W 6300 400w 29000 100w 9600 250W 13s00 750W 67000 150W 16000 o 400w 23000 1000w 92000 250W 28500 700w 42000 1500w 120000 400w 48000 1000w s8000 1000w 130000 130 lmw Light Output Comparison 120 úmw 110 100 lmw 90 80 o 70 Lumens mw (thousands) 60 lmw 50 7ûW 40 r5(I)w 30 {mw 4mw l3sw 20 1mw lmw 7fiW l50w 250W 10 500w rmw lmw mw 36W 2mw 50w Fluorescent GLS Tungsten SOX MBF MBI SON o 10 __ã Stærtå*ffi o \A/hen a discharge lamp is switched on, current first flows Lamp Rating Run-up Re-strike through the starting gas of the arc tube. The heat type Watts timemins. timemins. generated vapourises the mercury, sodium or halide filling until the operating conditions are achieved. Typical run-up characteristics are shown on the graph. SOX&SOX-E 18 12 Instant If there is a momentary interruption to the supply voltage most lamps need to cool before they will restrike. 359 Instant 559 Instant The following table shows typical times for both these 10 characteristics. Run-up times are for the time to 90 per cent 909 nominal light output. Times for individual lamps will vary 135 8 10 according to location and luminaire. SON, SONR& 503 less than L SONTTD 703 less than L 100 4 less than 1 150 6 less than 1 o 250 6 less than L 400 4 less than 1 1000 6 J SONDL 150 8 less than 1 250 8 less than L 400 8 less than L MBI 250 2 7 400 2 7 1000 2 7 MBI-TArcstream o 3000/4000 150 1 4 MBE MBFSD& 50 5 4 MBFR 803 4 4 TYPICAT LAMP RUN.UP CHARACTERISTICS 125 3 160 250 4 4 {nPlv,Cunent 400 4 4 Lamp Uuffenl \ \ 700 3 6 120 ? \ 1000 2 7 Ë .E tt- Ë80 l.a-- e lt / MBIL 750 2 8-].2+ 40 1500 2 15-20+ Light 0utput 0 0 2 3 4 ô CSI 1000 1 10* o Tme {minutesl t In floodlight * Hot re-strike version also available 11 ffiasæååryr SL*r5r o Quality control and quality assurance play an increasingly life. The introduction of new, hi-tech machinery which vital role in modern manufacturing and development uses lasers to weld the arc tube framework has made it a techniques and Thorn Lighting continues to uphold its more robust structure and even better able to cope with commitment to its customers to provide them with high arduous operating conditions.