Ponomar Project Slavonic Computing Initiative Proposal to Encode Additional Glagolitic Characters in Unicode Aleksandr Andreev*, Heinz Miklas, Yuri Shardt Section 1. Introduction Glagolitic, also kno#n as “Glagolitsa%, is an alphabetic writing s'stem used to record Church Slavonic and other Slavic languages( Originating in the 9th Centur', it is the earliest kno#n Slavonic alpha&et. +he creation o, the alphabet is attri&uted to the younger o, the teachers o, the Slavs, St. C'ril( Glagolitic writing may be found in medi-val manuscripts and in printed liturgical books, mostl' o, a Croatian origin. In Bulgaria, Glagolitic was graduall' replaced b' the C'rillic alphabet, and this C'rillic alphabet was su&se/uentl' used also &' other Slavs( For its part, the Glagolitic script has &een preserved &' some communities in Croatia even up to the present( E1tant Glagolitic te1ts are o, enormous value to linguists, paleographers, and scholars o, liturg'( Support for Glagolitic in the Unicode standard is necessar' for t#o purposes( First, for the digital storage o, manuscripts and printed matter in an electronic format (including associated functions such as searching and string comparison)( Second, for the development o, computer fonts that contain the repertoire o, Glagolitic characters necessar' for use in academic pu&lications( In this proposal, we will provide e1amples o, Glagolitic characters both from the manuscript tradition and ,rom recent academic works( +he base repertoire o, Glagolitic characters has been included in the Unicode standard since version 4(5( Nonetheless, this repertoire is incomplete because it lacks com&ining (superscript) Glagolitic letters( Such com&ining letters e1ist in the Glagolitic script and pla' a function that is analogous to their role in C'rillic – that is, the' are used in ab&reviations that are either space saving devices (,or e1ample, commonl' written words are o,ten ab&reviated3 or in nomina sacra( For full support o, the Glagolitic writing s'stem in Unicode, we there,ore propose the creation o, an additional block o, characters entitled Glagolitic Extended( 8e propose also the encoding o, t#o additional characters to the Glagolitic block o, Unicode( These characters occur in recentl' discovered manuscripts and have &een also used in academic literature that discusses these manuscripts( 8e also propose to change the properties on t#o C'rillic characters so that the' may be used with Glagolitic writing. Section 2. Combining Glagolitic Letters +he follo#ing table contains e1amples o, com&ining Glagolitic letters that occur in various Glagolitic manuscripts and in printed literature( 8e propose to encode the characters as one block, in the same codepoint order as the non-com&ining (&ase3 Glagolitic letters encoded at U:;C55 and follo#ing. +his allo#s for simple computer manipulation o, Glagolitic characters, as well as leaving some encoding positions empty to be used in the unlikel' instance that additional com&ining characters are discovered b' researchers and need to be encoded( Note that all o, the indicated codepoints in this proposal are provisional codepoints in the Private Use Area (PUA3( * Corresponding author, aleksandr.andreev<gmail.com( Name Codepoint Appearance Location in Sources Combining Glagolitic U+E055 ◌◌ Srez., p( 4;= MissSin, >?v>@, 44r>A9>B, Letter Azu 4Cv;5= PsDem, ;BvA, 4;rB, 1>@rC Combining Glagolitic U+E05> Srez(, p( 2C4= MissSin, ?@r>?, 4*v;5 Letter Buki ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05; ◌◌ Srez(, p( 5*= MissSin, Br;, ;;r>5, 45v>5, Letter Vede C;r>B= PsDem, 154r@ Combining Glagolitic U+E05? Srez., p( 2C4= PsDem, >>Br> Letter Glagoli ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E054 ◌ Srez(, p( 2;@= MissSin, 54v>4= PsDem, 2>v>, Letter Dobro ◌ 4;r@, 7@r>*, 1?>r* Combining Glagolitic U+E05C Srez(, p( C*= MissSin, 2*r;5, 4Ar>; Letter Yestu ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05A Srez(, p( 84 Letter Zhivete ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05@ EuchSinV, 15?r>Am Letter Zemlja ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05* Sre (, p( @; Letter Izhe ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05A PsSinV, 1BBr>@ Letter Initial Izhe ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05. Srezn., p( @; Letter I ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05C Srezn., p( 84= MissSin, 1@vA Letter Djervi ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05D Srezn., p( 2;4= PsDem, 1;Ar; Letter Kako ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E05E ◌ Srezn., p( 45, p( 4;= PsDem, Cv>= MissSin(, Letter Ljudie ◌ ?5v;;, 5>r>C Combinign Glagolitic U+E050 ◌◌ Srezn., p( 2;4= PsDem, 55v>C, 15Cr>*, Letter Myslite >>?v?= MissSin, 1?r>@ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>5 Srezn., p( 5*= PsDem, 2>v?= MissSin, 25v;? Letter Nashi ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>> PsDem, 1;Ar;(= MissSin, 4?v>4, 4?v;>9; Letter Onu ◌◌ Combinign Glagolitic U+E0>; Srezn., p( 4;, p( 24@= MissSin, 1?r>@, 1?v>5 Letter Pokoji ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>? Srezn., p( 4;= MissSin, 3Cv>C Letter Ritsi ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>4 ◌ Srezn., p( 2;@= PsDem, 1;Ar;4, 1;@vB, Letter Slovo ◌ >;Ar;4, 1;Av>@ Combinign Glagolitic U+E0>C Sre n(, p( ?A, p( 4;, C*; PsDem, >>@r4= MissSin, Letter Tvrido ◌◌ >@v?, >Bv>;, 4Cv;5, 4Ar1* Name Codepoint Appearance Location in Sources Combining Glagolitic U+E0>A MissSin, 4?v>4 Letter Uku ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>B MissSin, 2Cr>?, 2*r>4, 3?r;?, 45r>C, 2;r>5 Letter Fritu ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>@ MissSin, 1*r>;, 1?v>C, 1Bv>4 Letter Heru ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>. MissSin, 5@rA, 7;rEv@ Letter Shta ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>C Srezn., p( 5*= MissSin, 1*r>; Letter Tsi ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>D MissSin, 5?rC, 4Cr*9>5, 3*v>? Letter Chrivi ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>E ◌ Srezn., p( 2;4= MissSin, 2>r>;, 1?r>, 1Br>@, Letter Sha ◌ ;;v>@, 24r;?, 242>C3v@ Combining Glagolitic U+E0>0 MissSin, 1@vA Letter Yeru ◌◌ Combinign Glagolitic U+E0;5 Srezn., p( 4; Letter Yeri ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0;> ◌ Srezn., p( 24@= PsDem, 8?r>A= MissSin, Letter Yati ◌ 45r>C Combining Glagolitic U+E0;? Srezn., p( 2C4 Letter Yu ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0;4 EuchSinV, 3;v>B, 5>r>> Letter Small Yus ◌◌ Combining Glagolitic U+E0;A Does not exist as a single character, &ut is a Letter Yo ◌◌ component o, U:E5;*( Combining Glagolitic U+E0;B Srezn., p( 24@= MissSin, 1*r>; Letter Iotated Small ◌◌ Yus Combining Glagolitic U+E0;@ !ansvetov, p( ?A; 2given &' !ansvetov in Letter Big Yus ◌◌ C'rillic transcription only3 Combining Glagolitic U+E0;* ◌ EuchSinV, 5r>5, 1Br>, 1Bv>@, 2@v?, 2*r>@ Letter Iotated Big ◌ etc( Yus Combining Glagolitic U+E0;A ◌ Assem, 1;CvC, 14*v;C= (EuchSinV, 8?v>4, Letter Fita ◌ @4v>C, 8Cv4 for /,E3 +he follo#ing entries are proposed for addition to UnicodeData.txt (note that all codepoints are provisional3F E000;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E001;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BUKI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E002;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER VEDE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E003;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER GLAGOLI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E004;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DOBRO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E005;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YESTU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E006;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZHIVETE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E008;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZEMLJA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E009;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IZHE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00A;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER INITIAL IZHE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00B;COMBINIGN GLAGOLITIC LETTER I;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00C;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DJERVI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00D;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER KAKO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00E;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER LJUDIE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E00F;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER MYSLITE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E010;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER NASHI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E011;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ONU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E012;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER POKOJI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E013;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER RITSI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E014;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SLOVO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E015;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TVRIDO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E016;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER UKU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E017;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FRITU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E018;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER HERU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E01B;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHTA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E01C;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TSI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E01D;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER CHRIVI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E01E;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E01F;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E020;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E021;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YATI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E023;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E024;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SMALL YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E026;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E027;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E028;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BIG YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E029;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; E02A;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; +he follo#ing entries are proposed for addition to Scripts(txt: E000..E02A ; Glagolitic # Mn [43] COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU..COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA Collation It is proposed that the de,ault collation order given b' the DUCET for Glagolitic characters mimic the de,ault collation order for C'rillic characters as follo#sF ⰰ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰰ < ⰱ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰱ < ⰲ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰲ < ⰳ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰳ < ⰴ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰴ < ⰵ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰵ < ⰶ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰶ < ⰷ <<< Ⰷ < ⰸ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰸ < ⰹ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰹ < ⰺ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰺ < ⰻ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰻ < ⰼ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰼ < ⰽ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰽ < ⰾ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰾ < ⰿ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰿ < ⱀ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱀ < ⱁ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱁ < ⱟ <<< Ⱟ < ⱂ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱂ < ⱃ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱃ