IPP255 v3 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized ORISSA COMMUNITY TANK MANAGEMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Verve Consulting for Orissa Community Tank Development & Management Society, Department of Water Resources, Government of Orissa Dated the 7th of December 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Orissa Community Tank Management Project Social Assessment Contents Sl. No. Subject Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Social Assessment Study 4 3. Study methodology 5 4. Tank irrigation systems in Orissa: the challenges 7 and opportunities 5. Diversity in tank irrigation systems in Orissa 10 6. Stakeholder Analysis 14 7. Perceived Impact on beneficiaries 26 8. Issues of significance for the project 27 9. Design elements to approach the issues 29 10. Orissa tank rehabilitation: Process Map / Cycle 36 11. Major risks and assumptions in the project 39 Annexure Brief summary note on the review of Orissa Pani Panchayat Act, 2002 and assessment of the institutional capacity of Pani Panchayats _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Verve Consulting 2 Orissa Community Tank Management Project Social Assessment _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Verve Consulting 3 Orissa Community Tank Management Project Social Assessment Abbreviations ADM Additional District Magistrate AMS Agriculture Marketing System ANM Auxiliary Nurse Mid-wife AVAS Assistant Veterinary Assistant Surgeon AWW Angan Wadi Worker BDO Block Development Officer; CARM Community Agriculture Resource Management DM District Magistrate DPU District Project Unit EB Executive Body FEO Fishery Extension Officer FGD Focused Group Discussion FPS Fisheries Production System GB Governing Body GC General Caste GoO Government of Orissa GoO Government of India GP Gram Panchayat GPEO Gram Panchayat Extension Officer HA Hectares HhPS Household Production System HH Household IB Institutional Building IDGI In-depth Group Interview ITDA Integrated Tribal Development Agency JE Junior Engineer JVO Junior Veterinary Officer LAO Land Acquisition Officer LAO Land Acquisition Officer LI Livestock Inspector LPS Livestock Production System M,E&L Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning MI Minor Irrigation MIP Minor Irrigation Projects MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly MP Member of Parliament NGO Non Government Organisation NSDP Net state domestic product O&M Operation and Maintenance OBC Other Backward Caste OCTDMP Community Tank Development and Management Project ORMAS Orissa Rural Development and Marketing Society OTELP Orissa Tribal Empowerment and Livelihood. Programme PESA Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas PIP Project Implementation Plan PO-DRDA Project Officer – District Rural Development Agency PP Pani Panchayat PPM Project Planning Matrix PRI Panchayat Raj Institution RI Revenue Inspector RRB Regional Rural Banks SCO Soil Conservation Officer SCs Scheduled Castes SHGs Self Help Groups SO Support Organisation SPU State Project Unit STs Scheduled Tribes VAS Veterinary Assistant Surgeon WALMI Water And Land Management Institute WR Water Resource _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Verve Consulting 4 Orissa Community Tank Management Project Social Assessment Introduction 1. The Government of Orissa (GoO) with the Government of India (GoO) has initiated the Orissa Community Tank Development and Management (OCTDM) Project with funding from the World Bank. The project plans to rehabilitate 900 tanks out of the 3646 large tanks (each with a command area of 40 hectare to 2000 ha) existing in the state, covering a total command area of about 0.12 million hectares in eleven river basin areas of Orissa. The ultimate project objective of OCTDM is to improve tank based livelihood systems and strengthen community management of selected tank systems in Orissa. The project components of OCTDM are: (i) strengthening community based institutions to assume responsibility for tank system improvement and management; (ii) tank systems (physical side) improvement; (iii) livelihood support services for tank system users and (iv) project management. According to the plan of GoO and World Bank, the project would be prepared and implemented through a state level society under the Department of Water Resources, GoO. II. Social Assessment Study 2. The OCTDM project recognizes the existence of physical, hydrological, socio-economic and cultural diversity across tank systems in Orissa. The tank users in Orissa comprise of various sub-groups having differential endowments, livelihood pattern, gender, caste, ethnicity and other regional features. Most importantly, each sub-group has different nature of interests, expectations, concerns and influence as far as the tank system is concerned. The project also comprehends that the problems encountered by a sub group and their needs will be unique in comparison to other sub-groups.1 3. In light of the above diversity, a social assessment study was conducted under the OCTDM project. The study was carried out by Verve Consulting based at Bhubaneswar. The objective envisaged for this assignment is to: Conduct a social assessment study, chiefly, to better understand and address social development issues, and ensure accomplishing the outcomes – inclusion, cohesion, equity, security, decentralization and accountability. 4. The study includes beneficiary assessment; stakeholder analysis; likely impact and risk assessment; and monitoring & evaluation mechanism. Rules for securing land and tribal development plan form part of the social assessment study but these two sections were dealt separately in keeping into account the importance of the same in the project. 5. The results of the social assessment study are presented in the following five sections of the document: Section-03 provides details about study methodology more specifically the study design, sampling, stakeholder consultation, and tools & techniques used for data collection in the study. Section-04 describes the tank irrigation systems in Orissa and highlights the challenges and opportunities existing in the tanks systems in Orissa. 1 As part of the project preparation work, various studies were carried out under the project viz. Social Assessment study, Institutional Assessment (Pani Panchayat) study, Environmental Assessment study and Hydrological study. Some of the findings of these studies which are relevant for the social assessment report are incorporated in this document. A summary of the findings of Pani Panchayat study is annexed. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Verve Consulting 5 Orissa Community Tank Management Project Social Assessment Section-05 basically provides an idea to the reader on the diversity existing across tanks. The diversity analysis of tanks is presented in three broad categories: diversity relating to tank physical structures, usage and socio-economic diversity. Section-06 focuses on stakeholder analysis. It gives a detailed idea to the readers about the various stakeholders associated with the tank systems, their current status, expectations and issues. Section-07 deals with likely project impacts both positive and adverse effects on various tank sub-user groups. Section-08 incorporates all those issues which are significant for the project design and implementation. Section-09 takes the reader through the design elements to approach each of the significant issues. Section-10 deals with the Project Planning Matrix (PPM). Section-11 presents the major risks and assumptions in the project. III. Study methodology 6. A combination of cross-sectional survey design and descriptive case-study method was adopted for undertaking the social assessment study. In order to provide both macro and micro perspective on social development issues associated with tank irrigation systems in Orissa, the study not only carried out a sample based survey but also went beyond identified samples and consulted all those categories of key informants at community, panchayat, block, sub-division, district and state level who could contribute towards the objective of the study. A total of 25 sample tanks and diversion-weirs under Minor Irrigation Projects were identified for the study across ten agro-climatic zones, spread over in 21 districts of the state. The study used Stratified Random Sampling Method for selection of 340 farmer households covered under the study across 25 sample tanks. Table 1 Type wise numbers of sample tanks and households covered Sl. Tank Ayacut No. of Sample HHs Total Sample HHs No. Type Sample Interviewed interviewed under a Tanks per tank particular tank type 1. Type-I <100ha 13 10 130 2. Type-II 100-500ha 6 15 90 3. Type-III >500ha 6 20 120 Total 25 45 340 Stakeholder consultation 7. The stakeholder consultation exercise was carried out with tank user groups and with different secondary stakeholders. The detail about the consultations is given hereunder: Consultation at tank level: At the tank level, the study team consulted all the sub-user groups such as big farmers, small & marginal farmers, landless-share croppers, wage earners, fisher groups, cattle grazers, brick makers, women groups, tribal groups, etc. in the 25 sample tanks and did a detailed stakeholder and risk analysis exercise with each of these categories separately. _____________________________________________________________________________________________