White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System Contents Foreword Mumbai Suburban Railway Network Map with MUTP List of abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction...........................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Mumbai Urban Transport Project................................4-11 Chapter 3 Present Scenario..................................................................12-16 Financial Status of Mumbai Suburban Chapter 4 Railway System....................................................................17-26 Chapter 5 Way Ahead.............................................................................27-31 Chapter 6 Conclusion..............................................................................32 White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System Foreword Popularly identified as “Locals” in common parlance, the suburban Railway System in Mumbai is the lifeline of Mumbai and its suburbs. It carries 8 million passengers daily over 376 route kilometres on Central and Western Railways by operating 2813 train services per day. With an annual ridership of 2.91 billion, the Mumbai Suburban Railway is the busiest rapid transit system in the World. As Mumbai's population has swelled and economic activities in the city have increased, the suburban railway system has become overstretched. Suburban trains are carrying commuters beyond their carrying capacity to meet the commuting needs of the city. The system is not only facing a major challenge of overcrowding but also severe financial constraints. Despite the infrastructure and financial constraints, the suburban railway system is coping well with the situation and striving hard to improve upon itself. The resilience of the system has been tested and proven from time to time; even after major incidents such as the deluge of 2005, serial bomb blasts of 2006 and terrorist attack of 2008, the system has shown its strength by bouncing back to its normal operations within a few hours. It is admitted that the commuters of Mumbai suburban definitely deserve much better travelling conditions than what is available to them today. IR is working towards creating a vision to provide modern services to its users. The objective of this White Paper is to present the existing status and the challenges that suburban railway system is facing today. I invite you all, the users and stakeholders of suburban railway services in Mumbai, to come forward and hold our hands by sharing your views and suggesting pathways towards creating a new reality of fast, reliable, comfortable, safe and sustainable railway travel in Mumbai. (Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu) Minister for Railways August 2015 White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AC Alternating Current ATM Automatic Teller Machine ATVM Automatic Ticket Vending Machine BB&CI Bombay Baroda & Central India BEST Brihanmumbai Electric Supply & Transport CBTC Communication Based Train Control CCTV Closed Circuit Television CIDCO City & Industrial Development Corporation CR Central Railway CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CST Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus CTS Comprehensive Transport Study DC Direct Current EMU Electric Multiple Unit FDI Foreign Direct Investment FOB Foot Over Bridge GIP Great Indian Peninsula Railway GoM Govt. Of Maharashtra IR Indian Railways MCGM Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai MMR Mumbai Metropolitan Region MMRDA Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority MoR Ministry of Railways MRVC Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation MSEDCL Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd MST Monthly Season Ticket MUTP Mumbai Urban Transport Project NGO Non Governmental Organization NMIA Navi Mumbai International Airport NMMT Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport PPP Public Private Partnership QST Quarterly Season Ticket R&R Resettlement & Rehabilitation SADS Station Area Development Schemes SATIS Station Area Traffic Improvement Schemes SIS Station Improvement Schemes SPV Special Purpose Vehicle SRA Slum Rehabilitation Authority TMT Thane Municipal Transport TOD Transit Oriented Development UMMTA Unified Mumbai Metropolitan Transport Authority USD US Dollars WR Western Railway White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System Chapter 1 : Introduction 1.1 The city of Mumbai is the financial capital of the country and the suburban railway network serves as the city’s life line. The network is a part of the Indian Railways (IR). Two zones of Indian Railways viz. Western Railway (WR) and Central Railway (CR), operate the railway lines in Mumbai. Mumbai’s suburban railway system, which is one of the most complex, densely loaded and intensively utilized system in the world, carries around 8 million passengers per day, which is 1/3 rd of the total passengers carried on Indian Railways. Passenger carried (in millions) 9000 8306 8421 8397 7885 7438 8000 7096 7000 6000 5000 4000 2701 2705 2806 2900 2926 2918 3000 2000 1000 0 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Mumbai Suburban Total IR Source: IR annual statistics 1.2 Suburban railway is the predominant mode of transport in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) and 53% trips in MMR are performed on suburban railway. Modal split of trips performed in MMR Private 13% Taxi & Auto Metro & 8% Mono 2% Suburban rail 53% Bus 24% Source: Study on Development and Expansion Plan for Mumbai Suburban Rail Network, July 2015 1 Chapter 1: Introduction White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System Overview of Mumbai Suburban Railway System • Jurisdiction – Central Railway Mumbai CST–Kalyan–Kasara and Mumbai CST–Kalyan–Karjat Mumbai CST–Panvel and Mumbai CST-Wadala-Andheri on Hrabour line Thane–Turbhe–Vashi on Trans-harbour line Western Railway Churchgate–Virar–Dahanu Road • 376 Route Kms. • 1086 Track Kms. • No. of stations – 119 • 2813 trains per day • 232/12 EMU Fleet (2979 coaches) • Traction System – 25 kV AC on WR & 1500 V DC / 25 kV AC traction system on CR (under MUTP 2, the traction system will be fully converted to 25kV AC). • Financial parameters 2013-14 Earnings – Rs. 1502.97 crores, Expenditure – Rs. 2614.77 crores, Loss – Rs. 1 111.80 crores 1.3 Historical Background 1.3.1 Mumbai was one of the first cities in Asia to have a Suburban Railway system during 1920s. The first suburban train from Victoria Terminus (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus) to Kurla was run in 1925 by GIP Railway. In 1928 first suburban train from Colaba to Borivali was run by BB&CI Railway. The suburban trains introduced ran on 1500V DC traction with Electric Multiple Units (EMUs) which was the latest technology available at that time. During the same period, Tram services and Motorised Buses were also introduced to give a very efficient public transport system in the city. The Suburban Railways which runs along this linear land mass became the ‘Life Line’ of Mumbai. 1.3.2 Post independence, all Railway companies were amalgamated into a National Railway with different zones. Operation and maintenance of Mumbai suburban railway system was entrusted to Western & Central Railways. The two Zonal railways also operate long distance passenger and freight services. The growth of population in Northern areas and predominance of employment in South Mumbai resulted in overloading in Suburban trains. Population growth in Mumbai Metropolitan Region 35 (In Millions) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021* 2031* Mumbai 7.78 11.08 14.53 19.2 22.01 26.8 30.87 *Projected Source: Study on Development and Expansion Plan for Mumbai Suburban Rail Network, July 2015 2 Chapter 1: Introduction White paper on Mumbai Suburban Railway System 1.3.3 Passenger carried on Mumbai suburban railway system had an abnormal growth since independence and was always under heavy stress due to mismatch in the capacity and demand. In the last 65 years, passenger carried on the system has gone up by 10 times whereas the corresponding increase in services is less than 4 times. Suburban traffic growth in Mumbai 1951- 1961- 1971- 1981- 1991- 2001- 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 52 62 72 82 92 02 Passenger 292 454 915 1459 1795 2288.49 2899.95 2918.50 2918.50 carried (millions) Average 13.8 14.0 16.5 18.8 22.5 27.16 32.43 32.49 32.77 trip length (Kms) Passenger 4031 6365 15123 27392 40462 62151.61 94047.56 95072.35 95628.88 Kilometres (millions) No. of 741 960 1161 1577 1889 2049 2718 2813 2813 trains Source: IR annual statistics 1.3.4 Suburban Railway system could cope up with the passenger demand till mid 1970s. Due to heavy demand the situation started deteriorating and despite incremental inputs, the condition worsened in 1990s due to overcrowding. Large scale expansion of Suburban system could not be undertaken due to lack of resources and the fact that huge capital investment was needed to augment the suburban railway capacity without any return. In fact, the suburban railway system in Mumbai is a loss making proposition in Indian Railways. As part of its social obligation, Indian Railways continued to provide incremental inputs, which were far overtaken by demand. 1.3.5 Even today, overcrowding in trains during peak hours is excessive but due to non-availability of other modes of public transport, suburban railway system continues to be the lifeline of Mumbai. Any disruption in the suburban train services almost brings the city to a halt. Summary 1. Suburban railway system is the predominant and preferred mode of transport in Mumbai. 2. The entire city is dependent on suburban railway system for its transport needs. 3. There is excessive overcrowding in the suburban