International Journal of High-Energy Physics CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 2003 ATLAS begins to fill the cavern NOBELS DESY COLLABORATION Awards for superconductivity The laboratory's future What price US visa and MRI p5 directions p21 restrictions? p50 The Vacuum Components Company The vacuum components website Our new website reflects all aspects of the vacuum industry and features a new on-line catalogue that comprehensively presents every Caburn product with photographs, technical information, drawings and complete prices in Sterling, Euros and Swiss Francs. Visit us and see the extensive Caburn product range that includes: Flanges and Fittings, Valves, Roughing Components, Viewports and Glass Components, Electrical and Optical Feedthroughs, Motion and Manipulation, Thin Film Deposition and Chambers. Welcome to the world of vacuum components. www.caburn.co.uk UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY FRANCE 11 ITALY Caburn-MDC Limited Caburn-MDC GmbH Caburn-MDC S.A.R.L. Caburn-MDC SRI. The Old Dairy, Glynde Hauptstrasse 117 38 Place des Pavillons Corso Grosseto, 295 East Sussex BN8 6SJ D-10827 Berlin-Schôneberg 69007 LYON 10151 TORINO ISO 9001:2000 Tel:+44 (0)1273 858585 Tel: +49 (0)30-787 743 0 Tel: +33 (0)437 65 17 50 Tel: +39 011 45 30 791 FM 5 13 2 7 Fax: +44 (0)1273 858561 Fax: +49 (0)30-787 743 50 Fax: +33 (0)437 65 17 55 Fax: +39 011 45 50 298 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] CONTENTS COVERING CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGH- ENERGY PHYSICS AND RELATED FIELDS WORLDWIDE CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, Volume 43 Number 9 November 2003 E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (US): D Ayres Brookhaven, National Laboratory (US): P Yamin Cornell University (US): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, P Waloschek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Germany): G Siegert INFN (Italy): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (China): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (US): Melanie O'Byrne JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): A Maki Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US): Christine Celata Los Alamos National Laboratory (US): C Hoffmann ALICE coils arrive at CERNp7 Physics and medicine combine p29 New award for Berners Lee p35 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz News 5 PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Superconductivity links physics and medicine. SNO gets results with a Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci large pinch of salt Laser ion source heads for new life. A heavy load IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov arrives for ALICE. Narrow states abound at HADRON 2003. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (US): N Calder TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): M K Craddock Physicswatch 9 Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS16BE,UK Astrowatch 13 Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481 E-mail: [email protected] Web: iop.org Features International interactions at Fermilab 15 Publishing director Richard Roe Publisher Jo Nicholas John Womersley and James Gillies report on Lepton Photon 2003. Art director Andrew Giaquinto Senior production editor Ruth Aspinall Technical illustrator Alison Tovey CEBAF celebrates seven years of physics 19 Display advertisement manager Jonathan Baron Douglas Higinbotham describes results at the interface between Recruitment advertisement manager Jayne Purdy Display sales Ed Jost nuclear and quark physics. Recruitment sales Reena Gupta Advertisement production Katie Graham, Joanne Derrick Product manager Claire Webber DESY looks to the future 21 Albrecht Wagner discusses the way ahead for the German laboratory. Advertising Jonathan Baron, Jayne Purdy, Ed Jost or Reena Gupta Tel: +44 (0)117 930 1265 E-mail: [email protected] Light in the darkness 23 Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 Alan Ball and Apostolos Tsirigotis present first results from NESTOR. General distribution Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] In certain countries, to request copies or to make address Constructing ATLAS: a modern 'ship in a bottle' 26 changes, contact: Robert Eisenstein reflects on challenges past, present and future. China Chen Huaiwei, Institute of High-Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing, People's Republic of China Germany Gabriela Heessel or Veronika Werschner, DESY, Physics helps medicine gain a sharper view 29 Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg 52. E-mail: [email protected] Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale Paul Lecoq and Patrick Le Du report on a meeting between 56, 00044 Frascati, Roma physicists and physicians. UK Mark Swaisland, CLRC, Daresbury Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD. E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, Forty years of high-energy physics in Protvino 31 St Charles, IL 60175. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected]. Postmaster: send Nikolai Tyurin describes four decades of research and collaboration. address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174 People 35 Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (22) 767 6111 Telefax: +41 (22) 767 65 55 Recruitment 39 Printed by Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK Bookshelf 47 © 2003 CERN ISSN 0304-288X Viewpoint 50 Cover: Almost every day brings changes in the ATLAS cavern at CERN, as preparations are made for the installation of the detector. This recent image taken in October 2003 shows the progress made since July with installing support structures (p26). Electron and Ion Guns / Systems UHV Components, Vacuum Chambers UHV Electron Guns/Systems UHV Ion Guns/Systems Beam energies: <1 eV to 100 keV. 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Excellence in Electron and Ion Optics mini nmu ne. 311 KIMBALL HILL ROAD, WILTON, NH 03086-9742 USA Toll Free: 1 888 KIM-PHYS (1 888 546-7497) www. kimballphysics. com e-mail: \nfo(o'info@kimphy ' s Tel. 1 603 ™878-161 A~A~6 Fax: 1 603 878-3700 NEWS NOBEL PRIZES Superconductivity links physics and medicine The 2003 Nobel prizes in physics and physiol­ the LHC magnets is the common isotope, ogy or medicine both have connections with helium-4, which becomes superfluid around the field of particle physics. Alexei Abrikosov, 2 K. However, helium also exists as a rarer Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony Leggett have isotope, helium-3, which is superfluid only at received the physics prize for "pioneering con­ much lower temperatures of mK. While helium- tributions to the theory of superconductors and 4 is a boson, helium-3 is a fermion, so the two superfluids", while Paul Lauterburand Peter isotopes have quite different quantum proper­ Mansfield were rewarded for discoveries in ties. The contribution of Leggett, now at the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is in University of Illinois, Urbana, was to develop turn a major use for superconducting magnets. the decisive theory, while at Sussex in the UK in The most important superconducting mat­ 1970s, to explain How helium-3 atoms interact erials technically have proved to be type-ll and become ordered in the superfluid state. superconductors, which allow superconductiv­ There is a link between this year's physics ity and magnetism to exist at the same time. prize and the prize in medicine, as one of the Type-I superconductors expel a magnetic field A superconducting strand for the LHC major uses for superconducting magnets is in in what is known as the Meissner effect, and magnets made of around 8000 filaments MRI. The nuclear resonance phenomenon used lose their superconductivity at high magnetic of niobium-titanium alloy - a type-ll in MRI was first demonstrated, for protons, in fields. However, type-ll superconductors - superconductor - embedded in copper. 1946 by Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell, generally alloys of various metals - exhibit only who received the Nobel prize in 1952. In a a weak Meissner effect, or none at all, and In Abrikosov's theory, the external magnetic further connection with particle physics, Bloch retain their superconductivity at high magnetic field penetrates the type-ll material through went on to be the first director-general of CERN fields. Superconducting magnets are now channels between vortices in the "electron until 1955. It was 20 years, however, before routinely used in particle accelerators, and the fluid" in the material. This theory was based on Lauterbur, from Urbana, Illinois, discovered in magnets used for CERN's Large Hadron work in the 1950s by Ginzburg at the P N 1973 how to create 2D pictures by introducing Collider (LHC) are based on coils of niobium- Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow. gradients in the magnetic field. Peter Mansfield titanium alloy, a type-ll superconductor.