No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) JAMUNA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE AUTHORITY (JMBA) The Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in The People's Republic of BANGLADESH FINAL REPORT Volume 5 RIVER STUDIES MARCH, 2005 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. in association with CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONSULTANTS, INC. S D J R 05-017 THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PADMA BRIDGE FINAL REPORT (VOLUME V) MARCH 2005 STRUCTURE OF FINAL REPORT VOLUME I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VOLUME II MAIN REPORT VOLUME III SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TRANSPORT STUDIES APPENDIX-1: ECONOMIC FEATURE OF BANGLADESH APPENDIX-2: TRANSPORT STUDIES VOLUME IV TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION APPENDIX-3: TOPOGRAPHIC AND BATHYMETRIC SURVEYS APPENDIX-4: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION VOLUME V RIVER STUDIES APPENDIX-5: RIVER AND RIVER MORPHOLOGY APPENDIX-6: HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS APPENDIX-7: RIVER ENGINEERING VOLUME VI HIGHWAY, BRIDGE AND OTHER ENGINEERING STUDIES APPENDIX-8: BRIDGE ENGINEERING APPENDIX-9: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING APPENDIX-10: RAILWAY PROVISION VOLUME VII ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/RESETTLEMENT STUDIES APPENDIX-11: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES APPENDIX-12: SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK VOLUME VIII DRAWINGS OF PRELIMINARY FACILITY DESIGN VOLUME IX SUPPORTING STUDIES (Provided by electric files. Original copies are kept by JMBA and JICA Tokyo.) THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PADMA BRIDGE FINAL REPORT (VOLUME V) MARCH 2005 The Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge Final Report (Vol. 4 Topographic Survey and Geotechnical Investigation) Table of Contents Appendix-5 River and River Morphology.................................................................A5-1 5.1 River and Basin Features .......................................................................................... A5-1 5.1.1 River and Basin............................................................................................... A5-1 5.1.2 Physiography .................................................................................................. A5-7 5.2 River Morphology and Sediment Study................................................................... A5-11 5.2.1 River Morphology......................................................................................... A5-11 5.2.2 River Channel Conditions ............................................................................. A5-16 5.2.3 Sediment Flow Conditions ............................................................................ A5-21 5.3 Additional River and Morphologic Studies.............................................................. A5-27 5.3.1 Displacement of Left and Right Banks .......................................................... A5-27 5.3.2 Identification of Erosion Resistant Banks ...................................................... A5-28 5.3.3 River Channel ............................................................................................... A5-29 5.3.4 Preliminary Estimate of Maximum Scour Depth............................................ A5-34 5.4 Further Studies on Erodibility of Riverbank ............................................................ A5-37 5.4.1 Historical River Course Shifting.................................................................... A5-37 5.4.2 Rate of Riverbank Change............................................................................. A5-44 5.4.3 Limit of River Course Shifting ...................................................................... A5-47 5.4.4 Geotechnical Structure of Riverbanks............................................................ A5-48 5.5 Estimation of Maximum Scour Depth ..................................................................... A5-50 5.5.1 Methodology................................................................................................. A5-50 5.5.2 Component Scour Depth ............................................................................... A5-56 5.5.3 Design Maximum Scour Depth ..................................................................... A5-59 5.5.4 Comparison with Historical Riverbed Records .............................................. A5-60 Appendix-6 Hydrology and Hydraulics.....................................................................A6-1 6.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. A6-1 6.2 Hydrological and Hydraulic Features ........................................................................ A6-1 6.2.1 Hydro-meteorological Overview ..................................................................... A6-1 6.2.2 Characteristics of Rainfall ............................................................................... A6-6 6.2.3 Characteristics of Runoff............................................................................... A6-10 6.2.4 Tide .............................................................................................................. A6-17 i THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PADMA BRIDGE FINAL REPORT (VOLUME V) MARCH 2005 6.2.5 Flood Flow and Inundation Conditions.......................................................... A6-19 6.3 Hydro-meteorological Observations........................................................................ A6-25 6.3.1 Relevant Agencies and Activities................................................................... A6-25 6.3.2 Data Availability for the Study....................................................................... A6-28 6.3.3 Evaluation of Data ........................................................................................ A6-36 6.4 Additional Hydrological and Hydraulic Studies for Two Alternative Sites ............... A6-42 6.4.1 Standard Water Levels................................................................................... A6-42 6.4.2 Hydraulic Design Values ............................................................................... A6-42 6.5 Mathematical Modeling.......................................................................................... A6-44 6.5.1 Outlines ........................................................................................................ A6-44 6.5.2 Quasi-two Dimensional Modeling and Simulations ....................................... A6-45 6.5.3 Two-dimensional Modeling and Simulation: 2003/04 Padma 2-D Core Model ........................................................................................................... A6-50 6.5.4 Two Dimensional Modeling and Simulation: 2003/04 Padma 2-D Long Term Model .................................................................................................. A6-58 6.5.5 Summary of Simulation Results and Impact Assessment................................ A6-65 Appendix-7 River Engineering ..................................................................................A7-1 7.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. A7-1 7.1.1 Necessity of River Study for Bridge Planning.................................................. A7-1 7.1.2 Tasks of River Study ....................................................................................... A7-1 7.1.3 Approach to Study........................................................................................... A7-2 7.2 Previous Studies and Works ...................................................................................... A7-4 7.2.1 Jamuna Bridge ................................................................................................ A7-4 7.2.2 Paksey Bridge ................................................................................................. A7-8 7.2.3 Pre-feasibility Study of Padma Bridge........................................................... A7-12 7.2.4 Guidelines for Conventional River Works...................................................... A7-17 7.2.5 Bank Protection and River Training (FAP-21/22)........................................... A7-18 7.2.6 Jamuna-Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project (JMREMP)...................... A7-19 7.2.7 Expertise Owned by Agencies Concerned...................................................... A7-20 7.3 River Study for Initial Screening............................................................................. A7-21 7.3.1 Method of Screening..................................................................................... A7-21 7.3.2 General River Conditions .............................................................................. A7-21 7.3.3 Stability of River........................................................................................... A7-22 7.3.4 Expected River Works................................................................................... A7-23 7.3.5 Evaluation from River Perspective ................................................................ A7-23 7.4 River Studies for Selection of Optimum Site........................................................... A7-23 7.4.1 Principles for Planning.................................................................................. A7-23 ii THE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PADMA BRIDGE FINAL REPORT (VOLUME V) MARCH 2005 7.4.2 Preliminary Design of River Works ............................................................... A7-25 7.4.3 Preliminary Design of River Works for PG-site ............................................. A7-28 7.4.4 Preliminary Design of River Works for MJ-site ............................................. A7-30 7.5 Establishment of Design