MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 163 The Comparative Anatomy of the Toothless Blindcat, Trogloglanis pattersoni Eigenmann, with a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ictalurid Catfishes John G. Lundberg Department of Zoology Duke IJniversity Durham, N.C. 27706 Ann Arbor MIJSEIJM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN December 3, 1982 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MlJSElJM OF ZOOLOGY, llNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN The publications of the Museum of Zoology, LJniversity of Michigan, consist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscellaneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. The Occasional Papers, publication of which was begun in 1913, serve as a mediunl for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient numbet- of pages has been printed to make a volume, a title page, table of contents, and an index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers on field and museum techniques, monographic studies, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, are published separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A complete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Mollusks, and Reptiles and Amphibians is available. Address inquiries to the Director, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 163 The Comparative Anatomy of the Toothless Blindcat, Trogloglanis pattersoni Eigenmann, with a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ictalurid Catfishes John G. Lundberg Department of Zoology Duke University Durham, N.C. 27706 Ann Arbor MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN December 3, 1982 CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT ..................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................... 5 ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS ............................ 10 External Anatomy ........................................................... 10 Size .................................................................... 10 Shape .................................................................. 11 Mouth and gill membrane ..............................................15 Sense organs ...........................................................16 Fins ................................................................... 19 Vent ................................................................... 22 Osteology ................................................................... 22 Neurocranium ....................................................22 Infraorbitals ............................................................ 40 Splanchnocranium ...................................................... 40 Vertebrae ............................................................... 52 Median fin supports .................................................... 57 Pectoral girdle .......................................................... 58 Pelvic girdle ............................................................ 62 Internal soft anatomy ........................................................ 63 Brain .................................................................. 63 Viscera ................................................................. 65 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ...................................................66 History ..................................................................... 66 Relationships among ictalurids ............................................... 68 A new idea on the relationships of Trogloglanzs .............................. 77 Dating the origin of Trogloglanis ............................................ 82 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................ 83 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................... 83 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGIJRE P AGE 1 Trogloglanis pattersoni Eigenmann ................................... 3 2 Trogloglanzs pattersoni Eigenmann. Dorsal and ventral view of head .... 4 3 Suggested genealogical relationships among the major subgroups of the Ictaluridae .......................................................... Dorsal and posterior view of right pectoral spine of Trogloglanis pattersoni. Posterior views of pectoral spine bases of Ictalurus (Amiurw) catus and Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus ........................................ Ventral views of pectoral spines of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus, Ictalurus (Amzurus) catus, Pylodictic oliuarir, Satan eurystomus, Noturus (Noturus) Jlavus, Noturus (Schilbeodes) znsignis, Noturus (Rabida)stigmosus, Prietella phreatophila ........................................................ Dorsal view of skull of Tro,qloglanzs pattersoni ........................ Ventrolateral view of skull and anterior vertebrae of Trogloglanis pattersoni Dorsal and ventral view of skull of ictalurus (Zctalurus) Jurcatus ........ Dorsal and ventral view of skull of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus ...... Dorsal view of skulls of Ictalurus (Ictalurus)balsanus and Ictalurus (Ictalurus) lupus ............................................................... Dorsal view of skulls of Ictalurus (Amiurus)catus and Ictalurus (Amzurus) brunneus ............................................................ Dorsal view of skulls of Ictalurus (Amiurus)natales and Ictalurus (Amiurus) melas ............................................................... Vrrltral view of skulls of Ictalurus (Amiurus)catas, lctalurus (Amiurus)catus, Ictalurw (Amiurus) natalis ........................................... Vcntrolateral view of skulls of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus, Ictalurus (Amzurus)catus ..................................................... Dorsal and ventral view of skull of Noturus (Noturus) Jlauus ........... Dorsal and ventral view of skull of Noturus (Rabida)stigmosus ........ Dorsal view of skulls of Noturus (Schilbeode~)insignis and Prietella phreatophila ........................................................ Dorsal and ventral view of skulls of Pylodicticr oliuaris ................ Vcntrolateral view of skulls of Noturus (Noturus) Jlauus and Pylodictzs oliuaris ............................................................. Infraorbital bones of Ictaluru~(Ictalurus) mextcanus and Ictaluru (Amiurus) catus ................................................................ Dorsal and ventral view of palatine and maxilla of Trogloglanis pattersoni. Medial view of palatine hones of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctazcs, Irtalurus (Amiurus) catus, Ictalurus (Amzurus) nebulosus, Noturzcs (Noturus) Jlauus, Pylodictis oliuarzs .................................................... Internal and exta-nal view of I-ight side lower jaw skeleton of Trogloglanzs pattersonz. Dorsal view of right premaxilla of Trogloglanis pattei-soni. Lateral vicw of left side lower jaw skeleto~lsof Ictalurus (Ictalurus) lupus, Ictalurus (Amiuru.5) brunneus, Pylodictis olzvaris, Noturus (Noturus)Jlautcs, Przetella phreatophila ........................................................ Lateral and medial view of suspensorium and operculum of Trogloglanis pattersonz ........................................................... Lateral and mcdial view of suspcnsorium, palatine and maxilla of Ictalurus (Amiurus) serracanthw ............................................... Lateral and medial view of suspcnsoria of lctalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus. Lateral and medial view of Pylodictis oliuaris ......................... Lateral and medial view of suspensoria of Noturus (Schilbeodes) insignzs. Lateral and medial view of Prietella phreatophzla ...................... Medial vicw ot opercles of Ictalurus (Ictalurus)Jurcatus, Ictalurus (Amiurus) catu.5, Ictalurus (Amzurus)nebulosus, Ictalurus (Amiurzcs) brunneus, Noturus (Noturus) llauur, 1'ylodicti.s oliuarzs ................................... Lateral view of interopercles of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus, Ictalurus (Ictalurus) lupur, Ictalurus (Ictalurus)furcatus, Ictalurus (Amiurus) natalis, Ictalurus (Amiurus) catus, Ictalurus (Amiurus) platycephalus, Noturus (Noturus)flauus, Pylodictis olivaris ................................... Hyoid bars of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) furcatus, Pylodictis oliuaris, Ictalurus (Ictalurus) lupus, Ictalurus (Amiurus) natalis, Noturur (Noturm) flauus, Trogloglanis pattersoni .............................................. Ventral view of urohyals of Ictalurus (Ictalurus) punctatus, Ictalurus (Amiurus)nebulosus, Ictalurus (Amiurus) catus, lctalurus (Amzurus) natalis, Ictalurus (Amiurus) brunneus, Noturus (Noturus)flauus, Pylodicti.~oolivaris, Noturus (Schilbeodes) insignzs, Troglqplanis patterJon2 ................. Dorsal and ventral view of gill arches of Trogloglanis pattersoni ........ Median fin skeletons of Trogloglanis patter~oni ........................ Dorsal and ventral view of Weberian complex of lctalurus (Amiurus)catus Caudal skeletons of Ictalurus (Amiurus) serracanthus, Noturus (Noturus) flavus, Prietella phreatophila ......................................... Anteriormost ptcrygiophores (basals) of dorsal fins and dorsal spines of Ictalurus (Ictalurus)punctatus, Ictalurus (Amiurus)catus, Pylodictis olivaris, Noturus (Noturus) flavw ............................................