POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2018 FLOODS, LAO PDR Front cover: Disaster-affected family in Sanamxay, Attapeu, August-September 2018. Photo credit: UNFPA Disclaimer: This report summarizes the findings of the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment that took place between September 24 and October 19, 2018. The report is based on national data as of October 2018 gathered during the assessment. Published and dated: Government of Lao People’s Democratic Republic, December 2018. PREPARED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC FACILITATED BY WITH FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FROM Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms v ບບບບບForeword vii Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION 6 Disaster Risk Profile of Lao PDR 7 Socioeconomic Context of Lao PDR 8 Description of 2018 Disaster 8 Government and Humanitarian Response 9 Assessment Methodology 10 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS 11 Macroeconomic Impact 12 Human Development Impacts 22 DAMAGE, LOSSES, AND NEEDS 34 SOCIAL SECTORS 34 Housing and Settlements 35 Education 43 Health and Nutrition 51 Culture 56 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS 64 Agriculture 65 Tourism 76 Industry and Commerce 83 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS 88 Transport 89 Waterways 97 Water Supply and Sanitation 103 Electricity 109 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 114 Disaster Risk Management, Environment, and Climate Change Adaptation 115 Governance 124 Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) 128 DISASTER RECOVERY FRAMEWORK 132 Way Forward: A Disaster Recovery Framework 133 ANNEX 142 Annex 1 — Map of Lao PDR 142 i Table List Table 1 — Summary of the Damage and Losses (billion Lao Kip) 2 Table 2 — Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao Kip) 4 Table 3 — Summary of Damage and Losses in Lao PDR Resulting from the 2018 Floods 9 Table 4 — Summary of Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) 13 Table 5 — Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Needs for Disaster Recovery (billion Lao kip) 18 Table 6 — Key Labor Market Indicators in Lao PDR, 2017 24 Table 7 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs for Human Development 30 Table 8 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Housing and Settlements 36 Table 9 — Preferred Housing Materials in Affected Provinces 38 Table 10 — Damage and Losses to Housing and Settlements 38 Table 11 — Damage to Houses by Province 38 Table 12 — Losses (billion Lao kip) to Housing and Settlements by Province 41 Table 13 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) in Housing and Settlements Sector 41 Table 14 — Education Sector at a Glance 44 Table 15 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Education by Education Level 46 Table 16 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Education by Province 47 Table 17 — Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) 49 Table 18 — Vital Indicators Reported in Lao PDR (per 1,000) 51 Table 19 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in Health and Nutrition by Province 53 Table 20 — Estimated Short-Term Recovery Needs for Health and Nutrition 55 Table 21 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Culture by Sub-sector 60 Table 22 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Culture by Province 60 Table 23 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in Culture Sector 62 Table 24 — Livestock, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Production, 2005 and 2017 66 Table 25 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Agriculture by Sub-sector 68 Table 26 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Agriculture by Province 68 Table 27 — Levels of Damage to Crops and Land (in hectares) 68 Table 28 — Household Dietary Diversity Scores by Province 72 Table 29 — Food Insecurity Experience of Households by Province 72 Table 30 — Households Adopting Coping Strategies to Overcome Food Shortages by Province 72 Table 31 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in Agriculture by Sub-sector 74 Table 32 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Tourism by Sub-sector 78 Table 33 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Tourism by Province 79 Table 34 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in the Tourism Sector 80 Table 35 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) to Industry and Commerce by Sub-sector 86 ii Table 36 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in Industry and Commerce by Province 86 Table 37 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in the Industry and Commerce Sector 86 Table 38 — Overall Damage, Losses, and Needs in the Transport Sector 90 Table 39 — Road Network Data 90 Table 40 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in the Transport Sector by Ownership 91 Table 41 — Length of Damaged Road (kms) by Province 93 Table 42 — Damaged Road by Road Class and Bridge Types 95 Table 43 — Unit Rate for Damage Estimation (billion Lao kip/km) 95 Table 44 — Losses in the Transport Sector (billion Lao kip) by Different Types and Ownership 96 Table 45 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) in the Transport Sector by Province 96 Table 46 — Damage to Waterways (billion Lao kip) by Province 98 Table 47 — Recovery Needs for Post-Disaster Recovery of Waterways 100 Table 48 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) in the Waterways Sector 102 Table 49 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in Water and Sanitation 105 Table 50 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) by Province 105 Table 51 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) in the Water and Sanitation Sector 108 Table 52 — Damage to Electricity Facilities (billion Lao kip) by Province 111 Table 53 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in the Electricity Sector by Province 112 Table 54 — Impact to Users (billion Lao kip) by Province 113 Table 55 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (billion Lao kip) in the Electricity Sector 113 Table 56 — Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in the Disaster Risk Management, Environment, and Climate Change Adaptation Sector 122 Table 57 — Damage and Proxy Figures (billion Lao kip) for the Governance Sector 126 Table 58 — Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Needs 126 Table 59 — Summary of Needs (billion Lao kip) by Sub-sector 126 Table 60 — Scale of UXO Contamination in Lao PDR 129 Table 61 — Reconstruction and Recovery Needs within Provinces Prioritized for UXO Clearance Operations 131 Table 62 — Sectoral Needs Identified in Lao PDR 2018 PDNA 138 iii Figure List Figure 1 — Total Estimated Cost of Recent Floods in Lao PDR in 2009, 2011, and 2018 12 Figure 2 — Cost Breakdown of the 2018 Floods by Damage and Losses (billion Kip) 12 Figure 3 — Effects by Sector Type 13 Figure 4 — Damage and Losses by Sector 13 Figure 5 — Distribution of Disaster Effects by Province 14 Figure 6 — Overall Damage and Losses by Province 15 Figure 7 — Disaster Effects Per Capita 15 Figure 8 — Damage and Losses Per Capita by Province 17 Figure 9 — Disaster Effects by Ownership 17 Figure 10 — Recovery Needs by Sector (percentage of total) 17 Figure 11 — Recovery Needs by Urgency (percentage of total) 17 Figure 12 — Composition of Real GDP in 2017 (percentage of total GDP) 18 Figure 13 — Lao PDR’s Real GDP Growth by Year 19 Figure 14 — Fiscal Position by Year 19 Figure 15 — Disaster Impacts on Current Account Balance 19 Figure 16 — Type of House Damage by Province 36 Figure 17 — Spatial Distribution of Housing and Settlement Damage 37 Figure 18 — Percentage of Damage by Province 39 Figure 19 — Cost Distribution of Damage and Losses by Province 43 Figure 20 — Affected Schools by Province 46 Figure 21 — School Building Damage by Education Level 46 Figure 22 — School Building Damage by Level of Damage 46 Figure 23 — Damage (billion Lao kip) to the Agriculture Sector 65 Figure 24 — Losses (billion Lao kip) to the Agriculture Sector 65 Figure 26 — Rice and Other Selected Crops Production in Lao PDR between 2005 and 2017 66 Figure 25 — Lao PDR’s GDP by Activities in 2017 (billion Lao kip) 66 Figure 27 — Reported Damage and Losses to the Tourism Sector 76 Figure 28 — Distribution of Affected Enterprises by Type of Entrepreneurial Activity 83 Figure 29 — Geographical Spread of SMEs in Lao PDR 84 Figure 30 — Distribution of SMEs by Category of Economic Activity 84 Figure 31 — Damage (left) and Losses (right) in the Transport Sector by Ownership 92 Figure 32 — Distribution of Damage (billion Lao kip) by Infrastructure 97 Figure 33 — Damage and Losses (billion Lao kip) in the Water Sector 104 Figure 34 — DRM Organizational and Operational Structure under MLSW 116 Figure 35 — Indicative Map of UXO Contamination in Lao PDR per U.S. Air Force Bombing Data (1968–73) 128 Figure 36 — Sanaxay District UXO Location and Flood Inundation Map 130 iv Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BBB Build Back Better CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis DBST Double bituminous surface treatment DHUP Department of Housing and Urban Planning (of MPWT) DICT Department of Information, Culture, and Tourism (of MICT) DMH Department for Meteorology and Hydrology (of MNRE) DOH Department of Heritage (of MICT) DoR Department of Roads (of MPWT) DOW Department of Waterways (of MPWT) DPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (of MPWT) DRF Disaster Recovery Framework DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSW Department of Social Welfare EDL Electricité du Laos EMIS Education Management Information System ESRS Education Sector Recovery Strategy EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations GBV Gender-based violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFS Gravity-fed system ICH Intangible cultural heritage IDP Internally displaced person IPP Independent power producer JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LAK Lao Kip LSIS Lao