Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-15 (Part 1), Appendix A, July 2015 APPENDIX A Frequency Considerations for Telemetry Acronyms ................................................................................................................................... A-iii 1.0 Purpose ...................................................................................................................... A-1 2.0 Scope ......................................................................................................................... A-1 2.1 Definitions........................................................................................................... A-1 2.2 Modulation methods ........................................................................................... A-2 2.3 Other Notations ................................................................................................... A-2 3.0 Authorization to Use a Telemetry System ................................................................ A-2 3.1 RF Spectrum Support Certification .................................................................... A-3 3.2 Frequency Authorization .................................................................................... A-4 4.0 Frequency Usage Guidance ...................................................................................... A-4 4.1 Minimum Frequency Separation ......................................................................... A-4 4.2 Alternative method for determining frequency separation ................................. A-7 4.3 Geographical Separation ..................................................................................... A-8 4.4 Multicarrier Operation ........................................................................................ A-8 4.5 Transmitter Antenna System Emission Testing .................................................. A-8 5.0 Bandwidth ................................................................................................................. A-8 5.1 Concept ............................................................................................................... A-9 5.2 Bandwidth Estimation and Measurement ......................................................... A-10 5.3 Symmetry .......................................................................................................... A-16 5.4 FM Transmitters (alternating current-coupled) ................................................ A-17 6.0 Spectral Occupancy Limits ..................................................................................... A-17 6.1 Spectral Mask.................................................................................................... A-17 6.2 Spectral Mask Examples ................................................................................... A-18 7.0 Technical Characteristics of Digital Modulation Methods ..................................... A-20 8.0 FQPSK-B and FQPSK-JR Characteristics.............................................................. A-21 9.0 SOQPSK-TG Characteristics .................................................................................. A-25 10.0 Advanced Range Telemetry Continuous Phase Modulation Characteristics ......... A-26 11.0 PCM/FM ................................................................................................................. A-27 12.0 Valid Center Frequencies Near Telemetry Band Edges ......................................... A-28 References ................................................................................................................................. A-35 List of Figures Figure A-1. Spectra of 10-Mbps PCM/FM, ARTM CPM, FQPSK-JR, SOQPSK-TG Signals ................................................................................................................. A-4 Figure A-2. 5 Mbps PCM/FM Signals with 11 MHz Center Frequency Separation ............. A-6 Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-15 (Part 1), Appendix A, July 2015 Figure A-3. 10 Mbps ARTM CPM Signals with 9 MHz Center Frequency Separation ........ A-7 Figure A-4. RNRZ PCM/FM Signal .................................................................................... A-10 Figure A-5. Spectrum Analyzer Calibration of 0-dBc Level ............................................... A-12 Figure A-6. Bi PCM/PM Signal ......................................................................................... A-13 Figure A-7. FM/AM Signal and Carson’s Rule ................................................................... A-14 Figure A-8. Typical Receiver RLC IF Filter Response (−3 dB Bandwidth = 1 MHz) ........ A-16 Figure A-9. RLC and SAW IF Filters .................................................................................. A-16 Figure A-10. Filtered 5-Mbps RNRZ PCM/FM Signal and Spectral Mask ........................... A-19 Figure A-11. Unfiltered 5-Mbps RNRZ PCM/FM Signal and Spectral Mask ....................... A-19 Figure A-12. Typical 5-Mbps SOQPSK TG Signal and Spectral Mask ................................ A-20 Figure A-13. Typical 5-Mbps ARTM CPM Signal and Spectral Mask ................................. A-20 Figure A-14. OQPSK Modulator............................................................................................ A-21 Figure A-15. I and Q Constellation ........................................................................................ A-22 Figure A-16. FQPSK Wavelet Eye Diagram.......................................................................... A-22 Figure A-17. FQPSK-B I & Q Eye Diagrams (at Input to IQ Modulator). ............................ A-22 Figure A-18. FQPSK-B Vector Diagram ............................................................................... A-23 Figure A-19. 5 Mbps FQPSK-JR Spectrum with Random Input Data and Small (Blue) and Large (Red) Modulator Errors ................................................................... A-23 Figure A-20. FQPSK-B Spectrum with All 0’s Input and Large Modulator Errors .............. A-24 Figure A-21. FQPSK-JR BEP vs. Eb/N0................................................................................. A-25 Figure A-22. Measured SOQPSK-TG Phase Trajectory ........................................................ A-25 Figure A-23. SOQPSK-TG Power Spectrum (5 Mbps) ......................................................... A-26 Figure A-24. BEP vs. Eb/N0 Performance of 5 Mbps SOQPSK-TG ...................................... A-26 Figure A-25. Power Spectrum of 5 Mbps ARTM CPM......................................................... A-27 Figure A-26. BEP vs. Eb/N0 Performance of 5 Mbps ARTM CPM ....................................... A-27 Figure A-27. Power Spectrum of 5 Mbps PCM/FM Signal ................................................... A-28 Figure A-28. BEP vs. Eb/N0 Performance of 5 Mbps PCM/FM with Multi-Symbol Bit Detector and Three Single Symbol Receivers/Detectors .................................. A-28 Figure A-29. Spectral Masks at −25 dBm .............................................................................. A-29 Figure A-30. Bit Rate vs. Band Edge Back-off ...................................................................... A-30 List of Tables Table A-1. Coefficients for Minimum Frequency Separation Calculation ........................... A-5 Table A-2. B99% for Various Digital Modulation Methods .............................................. A-10 Table A-3. Characteristics of Various Modulation Methods .............................................. A-20 Table A-4. L-Band Frequency Range (10 W, 5 Mbps) ....................................................... A-29 Table A-5. Valid Center Frequency, Band Edge Back-Off ................................................ A-31 A-ii Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-15 (Part 1), Appendix A, July 2015 Acronyms ac alternating current AM amplitude modulation ARTM Advanced Range Telemetry AWGN additive white Gaussian noise BEP bit error probability BER bit error rate Bi bi-phase Bi-L bi-phase-level CPFSK continuous phase frequency shift keying CPM continuous phase modulation dB decibel DoD Department of Defense FM frequency modulation FQPSK Feher’s quadrature phase shift keying IF intermediate frequency Mbps megabits per second MCEB Military Communications - Electronics Board MHz megahertz MSK minimum shift keying NRZ-L non-return-to-zero level NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration OQPSK offset quadrature phase shift keying PCM pulse code modulation PM phase modulation RCC Range Commanders Council RF radio frequency RLC resistor-inductor-capacitor RNRZ randomized non-return-to-zero SAW surface acoustic wave SHF super-high frequency SOQPSK shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying UHF ultra-high frequency US&P United States and Possessions VCO voltage-controlled oscillator A-iii Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-15 (Part 1), Appendix A, July 2015 This page intentionally left blank. A-iv Telemetry Standards, IRIG Standard 106-15 (Part 1), Appendix A, July 2015 APPENDIX A Frequency Considerations for Telemetry 1.0 Purpose This appendix was prepared with the cooperation and assistance of the Range Commanders Council (RCC) Frequency Management Group. This appendix provides guidance to telemetry users for the most effective use of the telemetry bands specified in Chapter 2. Coordination with the frequency managers of the applicable test ranges and operating areas is recommended before a specific frequency band is selected for a given